Postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of carprofen and pethidine in dogs

Lascelles, B. Duncan X.; Butterworth, Steven J.; Waterman, A.E.

doi:10.1136/vr.134.8.187

Cited by 131 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…It is noteworthy that the survey of veterinary clinics and hospitals representatives rather than individual practitioner may have been responsible for the smaller sample size in comparison with previous studies (Dohoo and Dohoo, 1996a,b;Watson et al, 1996;Capner et al, 1999;Lascelles et al, 1994;Williams et al, 2005;Hewson et al, 2006;Joubert, 2006;Weber et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Nigerian Veterinariansattitude and response to small animal pain management

Oguntoye¹,

Eyarefe²

2017

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Nigerian veterinarians' attitude and responses to pain management predominantly in small animals were evaluated using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to representatives of seventy small/large animal clinics and hospitals distributed across ten states of the country. The respondents possess the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) (58.6%), Master of Veterinary Science MVSc (32.9%) degrees, fellowship diplomas (5.7%) and PhD (2.9%) degree. Majority of the respondents (92.9%) had less than 20 years of post DVM clinical experience. Seventy-nine percent (79%) had good understanding of animal pain perception while 43% still hold the misconception that some degree of pain is beneficial to an animal after surgery. Pain rating excellently assigned to fracture reduction by 83% of practitioners, but inappropriately assigned by 66% of practitioners to caesarean section, 66% to laparotomy, 63% to ovariohysterectomy, 60% to mastectomy and 60% to dental procedures. Xylazine, lignocaine and ketamine were anaesthetic/analgesics commonly used. Respondents (98%) recognized pain based on animal's response to painful body part palpation, attitude of animal (97%), history by care giver (80%) and inappetence (73%). Determinants of analgesic drug choice for dogs/cats were: analgesic efficacy (99/29%); potential for toxicity (95/38%); availability (93/43%), side effect (86/42%), cost (82/37%), availability of information on the drug (76/36%), and ability of analgesic drug to cause sedation in the animal (65/33%). Respondents sourced information for analgesic therapeutics from: literature (73%), internet (80%), and drug leaflet (98%). In conclusion, most veterinarians surveyed had understanding of animal pain perception and use anaesthetic protocols that provide analgesia. Nonetheless, some of them still hold on to the misconception that minimal pain perception is beneficial to the patient at the post-operative period which may have influenced their non-provision of additional analgesia post-operatively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The author concluded that a large number of practitioners were unaware of the pharmacology of many of the drugs. Nevertheless, in order to provide optimal analgesia making the animal feel more comfortable a multimodal approach of analgesia should be employed (Lascelles et al, 1994;Lundeberg, 1995;Mathews et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nigerian Veterinariansattitude and response to small animal pain management

Oguntoye¹,

Eyarefe²

2017

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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“…Na medicina veterinária, o comportamento é frequentemente avaliado utilizando-se uma escala análoga visual ou uma escala numérica visual (MATHEWS; PETTIFER; FOSTER, 2001), mas alguns pesquisadores demonstraram que estes sistemas de avaliação são fracos indicadores da dor provenientes de traumas cirúrgicos (HARDIE; HANSEN; CARROLL, 1997). Portanto, empregouse além da escala numérica, a escala de análise descritiva da dor, que descartaria a possibilidade de algum sinal de sedação que possa mascarar a dor (LASCELLES; BUTTERWORTH; WATERMAN, 1994), e a escala da dor da Universidade de Melbourn (FIRTH; HALDANE, 1999), a qual é composta por resposta comportamental e fisiológica específica. Com relação aos escores da dor obtidos com o emprego das três escalas (tabela 2), não foram observadas diferenças entre os escores (P>0,05) nos diferentes grupos estudados, não havendo, portanto, efeito de tratamento no comportamento dos animais durante a recuperação anestésica, nem tampouco efeito de tempo e interação nos diferentes momentos para cada tratamento.…”

Section: MIVunclassified

Avaliação clínica da analgesia pós-operatória proporcionada pelo cetoprofeno associado à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia

et al. 2015

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ResumoA analgesia multimodal refere-se à prática de associar várias classes de analgésicos ou técnicas para atuar em diferentes pontos ao longo da via da dor. Objetivou-se avaliar clinicamente a qualidade da analgesia pós-operatória promovida pelo cetoprofeno, associado ou não à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Quarenta cadelas hígidas, pesando 10,7±6,0kg, tranquilizadas com acepromazina (0,05mg.kg -1 .iv), induzidas com propofol (5mg. kg -1 .iv) e mantidas sob anestesia inalatória com isoflurano, foram distribuídas em quatro grupos de 10 animais cada. Em Miv e CMiv as cadelas receberam após estabilização da anestesia inalatória, 0,2mg. kg -1 de morfina pela via intravenosa, diluídos em 10ml de salina; enquanto que os animais de Mep e CMep receberam 0,1mg.kg -1 de morfina pela via epidural. O cetoprofeno foi administrado na dose 2,0mg.kg -1 .im, nos grupos CMiv e CMep, 30 minutos após a medicação pré-anestésica. Mensuraram-se as frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), e temperatura retal (T). O grau de analgesia foi avaliado pelo método cego nas primeiras seis horas após a cirurgia, através de escalas de dor descritivas e escalas compostas por parâmetros fisiológicos e comportamentais. A estatística foi realizada mediante teste de Tukey-Kramer e análise não paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença estatística entre os quatro grupos estudados, em relação à analgesia pós-operatória, FC, f, PAS e T. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o emprego do cetoprofeno, associado à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural proporcionou analgesia adequada e segura nas primeiras seis horas de analgesia pós-operatória em cadelas submetidas à OSH, sugerindo não haver potencialização analgésica quando da associação de ambos os agentes. Palavras-chave: Opióides, AINE, dor, cães AbstractMultimodal analgesia refers to the practice of combining multiple analgesic drug classes or techniques to target different points along the pain pathway. The objective of this work was to evaluate clinically if ketoprofen associated or not with intravenous or epidural morphine provided adequate postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH). Forty healthy female dogs,

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“…Carprofen was chosen, since in addition to our own ndings demonstrating its potency in alleviating postoperative pain in rats (Roughan & Flecknell 2001, it also effectively attenuates signs of chronic pain in chickens (McGeown et al 1999, Danbury et al 2000 and in humans (Isomaki et al 1984). It has also been shown to have strong analgesic effects if used following a range of other painful procedures in dogs (Nolan & Reid 1993, Lascelles et al 1994, Grisneaux et al 1999) and cats (Balmer et al 1998, Slingsby & Waterman-Pearson 2000. Meloxicam is another NSAID, and is a preferential inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2), high levels of which are expressed by abdominal and other tumours (see review by Mantyh et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Behavioural assessment of the effects of tumour growth in rats and the influence of the analgesics carprofen and meloxicam

2004

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SummaryVery little is known concerning the occurrence of pain in cancer research models. We wished to establish whether a behaviour-based approach, originally developed to assess postoperative pain, could be used to determine positive effects of the analgesics carprofen and meloxicam in rats that might be experiencing pain during tumour development in an orthotopic model of bladder cancer. An invasive but non-metastatic rat bladder cancer cell line was surgically implanted into the bladder wall of 57 inbred Fisher344 rats. The rats underwent daily clinical assessments. When clinical signs consistent with chronic pain were apparent, behavioural data were collected from 44 animals during 2 3 10 min periods, immediately before and one hour after a subcutaneous injection of either physiological saline (0.9%; 0.2 ml/100 g), carprofen (5 mg/kg) or meloxicam (2 mg/kg). Treatmentassociated behaviour changes were then compared between groups. The lack of active behaviour, both before and after each treatment, was consistent with established clinical signs of pain. The rats were so inactive following the treatment that the behavioural technique we had previously developed was of comparatively little use in determining either pain severity or analgesic ef cacy. One very prominent effect, however, was an increase in ventral abdominal licking in the control (saline) group. As this was absent in rats given meloxicam or carprofen, and has previously been considered to indicate pain emanating from damaged tissue, it was concluded that the analgesic-treated rats gained at least some bene t from the drug treatments, but it was not possible to gauge the extent of this. Handling for examination or treatment may have intensi ed pain in rats in the control group, and so this should be avoided whenever possible. It is likely that post-surgical pain differs markedly from cancer pain, so a different set of behavioural markers may be needed to assess it effectively. More intensive behaviour monitoring may help to develop a suitable technique for detecting the onset of, and assess the severity of pain that may occur during tumour development.

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Postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of carprofen and pethidine in dogs

Cited by 131 publications

References 0 publications

Nigerian Veterinariansattitude and response to small animal pain management

Nigerian Veterinariansattitude and response to small animal pain management

Avaliação clínica da analgesia pós-operatória proporcionada pelo cetoprofeno associado à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia

Behavioural assessment of the effects of tumour growth in rats and the influence of the analgesics carprofen and meloxicam

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