Postoperative Cardiac Arrhythmias in Pediatric and Neonatal Patients with Congenital Heart Disease—A Narrative Review

Abstract

Cardiac arrhythmias are a frequent complication in the evolution of patients with congenital heart disease. Corrective surgery for these malformations is an additional predisposition to the appearance of arrhythmias. Several factors related to the patient, as well as to the therapeutic management, are involved in the etiopathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias occurring post-operatively. The risk of arrhythmias in the immediate postoperative period is correlated with the patient’s young age and low weight at surgery. The change in heart geometry, hemodynamic stress, and post-surgical scars represent the main etiopathogenic factors that can contribute to the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in the population of patients with operated-on congenital heart malformations. Clinical manifestations differ depending on the duration of the arrhythmia, underlying structural defects, hemodynamic conditions, and comorbidities. The accurate diagnosis and the establishment of specific management options strongly influence the morbidity and mortality associated with arrhythmias. As such, identifying the risk factors for the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in the case of each patient is essential to establish a specific follow-up and management plan to improve the life expectancy and quality of life of children.

Deciphering m6A methylation in monocyte-mediated cardiac fibrosis and monocyte-hitchhiked erythrocyte microvesicle biohybrid therapy

“…This structured approach provides valuable insights into the factors that may influence the clinical management of CB. In previous research, device-related arrhythmia was induced by localized inflammation and aggressive myocardial fibrosis 37 . Our analysis of PBMCs mRNA from patients of occluder implantation for VSD closure showed a significantly elevated m 6 A level in the PCB group compared to NCB and TCB patients, as determined by dot blot and colorimetric assays ( Figure 2 A - B ).…”