Postoperative Effectiveness of Three Routes of Morphine in Arthroscopic Knee Surgery

Abstract

SUMMARY Aim:The aim of this study was to investigate postoperative analgesic effectiveness of intraarticular (IA), intramuscular (IM) or intrathecal (IT) administration of morphine in arthroscopic knee surgery.Materials and Methods: Seventy-six patients with ASA physical status I-II, aged 18 to 65 years, undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery were included in the study. Morphine (10 mg) was given via IA and IM in groups IA (n:21) and IM (n:16), respectively, at the end of the surgical procedure. IT 0.1 mg morphine was administered together with the local anesthetic in Group IT (n:21). Morphine was not applied to 18 control patients (Group C). Visual analogue scale scores for pain were analyzed. Additional analgesic requirement, side effects of morphine and hemodynamic parameters were compared between the groups.Results: None of the patients in Group IT needed additional analgesic treatment in the first 24 hours, whereas 14.3 %, 25.0 % and 72.2 % of the patients needed additional analgesic administration in the groups IA, IM and C, respectively (p<0.001). There was no difference in nausea or vomiting between groups (p=0.07). Fifteen patients in Group IT and 3 patients in Group IA experienced itching.Conclusion: Morphine in three administration routes provides similar analgesic effect and better analgesia in comparison to the control group. Due to the higher incidence of side effects in the IT group, either IA or IM route may be chosen for an adequate postoperative analgesia at the dose used in the present study. Gereç ve Yöntem: Artroskopik diz cerrahisi uygulanacak 18-65 yaş arası 76 ASA I-II hasta çalışmaya alındı. İA (n:21) ve İM (n:16) grubunda cerrahi işlemin sonunda morfin 10 mg İA ve 10 mg İM yolla, İT (n:21) grubunda ise 0.1 mg morfin lokal anestezikle birlikte İT yolla verildi. Kontrol grubuna (Grup C,n:18) morfin verilmedi. Ağrı görsel analog skalası ile değerlendirildi. Gruplar ek analjezik gereksinimi, morfinin yan etkileri ve hemodinamik parametreler açısın-dan karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: İlk 24 saatte IT gruptaki hiçbir hastada ek analjezik gereksinimi olmadı. Buna karşılık İA, İM ve C grubunda sırasıyla % 14.3, % 25.0 ve % 72.2 oranlarında ek lornoksikam gereksinimi oldu (p<0.001). Gruplar arasında bulantı ve kusma açısından anlamlı fark bulunamadı (p=0.07). IT grubundan 15 hastada, IA grubundan da 3 hastada kaşıntı gözlendi.Sonuç: Kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında İA, İM ve İT uygulanan morfinin daha iyi analjezik etki sağladığı gözlendi. Morfinin kullanılan dozlarında İT grubunda daha yüksek yan etki insidansı oluşturması nedeniyle, benzer şekilde yeterli postoperatif analjezi sağlayan İA ya da İM uygulama yolu tercih edilebilir.

Turkish Version of Kolcaba's Immobilization Comfort Questionnaire: A Validity and Reliability Study

“…According to Pearson [2], most of the studies about comfort found in the literature assess comfort using tools that lack reliability and validity. Many researchers have used only pain scales to measure comfort or have developed questionnaires based on the literature to assess the patient's discomfort [22,23]. However, comfort cannot be limited to the absence of pain [2].…”

“…The fact that there are minimal translation difficulties related to the VAS has led to a great number of crosscultural adaptations of this tool [35]. The VAS has been used in Turkish studies [21,22,36].…”