Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Following General Anaesthesia: A Prospective Study on Surgical Patients in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Kalu, Queeneth; Eshiet, A I; Akpan, S; Monjok, Emmanuel

doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2015/18030

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…This is in contrast to a prevalence of 11.45% and 13.35% for nausea and vomiting respectively observed in patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia in the same institution. 22 Nausea and vomiting often associated with spinal anaesthesia have multifactorial origin. These include patient factors, arterial hypotension, hypoperfusion of the central nervous system and psychological changes (anxiety).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pethidine and bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia: a comparative evaluation of postoperative complications and recovery profile

2017

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Background: Bupivacaine is commonly used as a sole agent for spinal anaesthesia unlike Pethidine. This study compares the immediate postoperative complications and recovery profile following spinal anaesthesia with pethidine and bupivacaine.Methods: Fifty-two patients who required short duration surgical procedures below the umbilicus were randomized to receive spinal anaesthesia with pethidine 1mg/Kg and 2.5 mL 0.5% bupivacaine. Time to recovery of pin prick sensation at S2, plantar flexion, proprioception of the big toe, and full motor recovery were compared for the two agents. Complications of pain, sedation, nausea and vomiting, pruritus and urinary retention in the immediate postoperative period were also compared.Results: Comparing Pethidine and Bupivacaine, time to return of pinprick sensation at S2 was 94.62±20.25 and 205.96±31.05 minutes respectively; return of plantar flexion was 92.88±12.01 and 193.85±39.56 minutes respectively; recovery of proprioception of the big toe was 31.15±9.41 and 172.50±42.70 minutes respectively; complete motor recovery was 47.89±14.08 and 221.73±44.72 minutes respectively. All the differences in recovery times were statistically significant (p<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of pain and sedation. Only 4 (15.38%) patients in the Bupivacaine group experienced mild pain. There was no incident of nausea and vomiting. However, pethidine group experienced pruritus (19.22%) and bupivacaine group none. Bupivacaine group also had urinary retention (11.54%), while pethidine group had none. These differences were statistically significant (p=0.01).Conclusions: Pethidine exhibited a shorter recovery profile than Bupivacaine and also caused no significant complication in the immediate postoperative period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pethidine and bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia: a comparative evaluation of postoperative complications and recovery profile

2017

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Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Perioperative Stress Response and Cellular Immunity in Elderly Patients with Posterior Lumbar Surgery

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on perioperative stress response and cellular immunity in elderly patients with posterior lumbar surgery. Sixty patients with lumbar degenerative disease requiring posterior lumbar surgery were included and randomly divided into the dexmedetomidine group (the test group, [Formula: see text]) and the control group ([Formula: see text]). After the experimental group entered the room, dexmedetomidine was intravenously pumped 10[Formula: see text]min before induction of anesthesia and dexmedetomidine was continuously pumped after anesthesia. The control group replaced dexmedetomidine with the same amount of normal saline, and the other operations were exactly the same as the experimental group. Hemodynamic parameters were routinely monitored and the percentages of T lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Samples for stress response parameters were sent to the Clinical Laboratory of our hospital, and perioperative pain, postoperative adverse reactions and complications were evaluated during the study. The levels of postoperative stress hormones, including noradrenaline (NE), epinephrine (E), cortisol (Cor) and acetylcholine (Ach), were reduced in the test group compared with those in the control group ([Formula: see text]). Proportions of CD3[Formula: see text], CD4[Formula: see text], CD8[Formula: see text] and NK as well as the CD4[Formula: see text]/CD8[Formula: see text] in the control group were significantly decreased at postoperative Day 1 (T6), Day 3 (T7) and Day 7 (T8) compared with those at preoperative Day 1 (T-1) ([Formula: see text]), while the proportions of CD4[Formula: see text] and NK in the test group were significantly increased at T6, T7 and T8 compared with those at T-1 ([Formula: see text]). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the test group was decreased compared with that of the control group at each time point ([Formula: see text]). After the operation, the heart rate (HR) of the patients in the test group was significantly decreased compared with the control group ([Formula: see text]) and the VAS score of the control group were increased compared with the test group at each time point ([Formula: see text]). Dexmedetomidine can decrease the stress response and improve postoperative cellular immune function in patients with posterior lumbar surgery by reducing postoperative stress hormones to alleviate the postoperative cellular immunosuppression and the pain in patients.

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Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Following General Anaesthesia: A Prospective Study on Surgical Patients in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Pethidine and bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia: a comparative evaluation of postoperative complications and recovery profile

Pethidine and bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia: a comparative evaluation of postoperative complications and recovery profile

Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Perioperative Stress Response and Cellular Immunity in Elderly Patients with Posterior Lumbar Surgery

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