Postoperative Pain: To a Better Management

Abstract

designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This CME activity expires on September 30, 2024. NCPD AccreditationLippincott Professional Development is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. Lippincott Professional Development will award 2.0 contact hours for this NCPD activity. This activity is also provider approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number CEP 11749 for 2.0 contact hours. Lippincott Professional Development is also an approved provider of continuing nursing education by the District of Columbia, Georgia, West Virginia, New Mexico, South Carolina, and Florida, CE Broker #50-1223. Your certificate is valid in all states. Instructions for earning ANCC contact hours are included on page 11 of the newsletter. This NCPD activity expires on September 5, 2025. P ain after surgery and/or trauma has been anticipated since the beginning of time. Before the development of anesthesia, patients often died from pain of surgical incisions. Extreme, sudden pain often caused fatal cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia.If the patient survived both the surgery (usually amputations) and the subsequent infection, large doses of morphine were given, as occurred during the Civil War, creating one of