Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: An Epidemiological, Risk Factors and Prevention Review

Duarte, Ana T; Machado, Humberto S

doi:10.4172/2155-6148.1000600

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Duarte and Machado reviewed the epidemiology, risk factors and prevention of PPCs and concluded that the clinical and social consequences of PPCs are huge and that prevention of its high incidence continues to be a growing challenge focusing on the importance of preventive strategies, which should be systematically applied in order to achieve better results [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root causes and outcomes of postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery: a retrospective observational cohort study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundPostoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) contribute significantly to overall postoperative morbidity and mortality. In abdominal surgery, PPCs remain frequent. The study aimed to analyze the profile and outcomes of PPCs in patients submitted to abdominal surgery and admitted in a Portuguese polyvalent intensive care unit.MethodsFrom January to December 2017 in the polyvalent intensive care unit of Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal, we conducted a retrospective, observational study of inpatients submitted to urgent or elective abdominal surgery who had severe PPCs. We evaluated the perioperative risk factors and associated mortality. Logistic regression was performed to find which perioperative risk factors were most important in the occurrence of PPCs.ResultsSixty patients (75% male) with a median age of 64.5 [47–81] years who were submitted to urgent or elective abdominal surgery were included in the analysis. Thirty-six patients (60%) developed PPCs within 48 h and twenty-four developed PPCs after 48 h. Pneumonia was the most frequent PPC in this sample. In this cohort, 48 patients developed acute respiratory failure and needed mechanical ventilation. In the emergency setting, peritonitis had the highest rate of PPCs. Electively operated patients who developed PPCs were mostly carriers of digestive malignancies. Thirty-day mortality was 21.7%. The risk of PPCs development in the first 48 h was related to the need for neuromuscular blocking drugs several times during surgery and preoperative abnormal arterial blood gases. Median abdominal surgical incision, long surgery duration, and high body mass index were associated with PPCs that occurred more than 48 h after surgery. The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score 4 and COPD/Asthma determined less mechanical ventilation needs since they were preoperatively optimized. Malnutrition (low albumin) before surgery was associated with 30-day mortality.ConclusionPPCs after abdominal surgery are still a major problem since they have profound effects on outcomes. Our results suggest that programs before surgery, involve preoperative lifestyle changes, such as nutritional supplementation, exercise, stress reduction, and smoking cessation, were an effective strategy in mitigating postoperative complications by decreasing mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root causes and outcomes of postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery: a retrospective observational cohort study

et al. 2019

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“…Lying supine on a bed for a long time may contribute to complications. According to Duarte and Machado [ 8 ], measures aimed at ensuring proper initial assessment to detect comorbidities and address them appropriately, improving lung ventilation pre-, intra-, and post-surgery, and preventing infection through clean and sterile procedures can significantly reduce the risk of PPCs. For postoperative patients, does the use of evidence-based practice interventions, such as preoperative education on an incentive spirometer (IS), early mobilization, directed coughing, deep breathing exercises, chest physiotherapy, and inspiratory muscle training (IMT), reduce the risk of developing pulmonary complications during the postoperative period?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Shed Light on the Association between Poor Ergophthalmologic Practices and Computer Vision Syndrome

Hardatt,

Singh,

Kaur

et al. 2024

CIS

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Background:: Computers play a vital role in people's lives because of their great precision, speed, and accuracy, as well as their ability to provide timely updates. A cascade of ocular and extraocular symptoms in computers or electronics leads to Computer Vision Syndrome. Ergonomics is the science of fitting job demands and workplace environments to the capabilities of the population. The use of a computer increases the risk of musculoskeletal issues, particularly in the upper extremities. Methodology:: The following research article elaborates on the surveys that were carried out in Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University Mullana, with 701 participants. Data were collected using the computer vision syndrome questionnaire and the ergonomics questionnaire for a duration of 6 months. Result:: The most prevalent symptom of CVS occasionally was found to be a headache (503 participants=71.7%), followed by eye heaviness and eye pain (483 participants=68.9%), burning sensation, itching and tearing (414 participants=59%), red eyes (361 participants=51.4%), foreign bodies (319 participants=45.5%), dryness (281 participants=40%), blurred and double vision (266 participants=37.9%), increased sensitivity to light and colored halos (249 participants=35.5%), and difficulty focusing (299 participants=42.6%). Conclusion:: All symptoms of CVS suffered by the participants were on an occasional basis, constituting the majority and the most common CVS symptom as headache. In assessing the ergonomics, all participants experienced pain at least in one extremity and the majority of participants had their back bent while working with electronics.

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“…Lying supine on a bed for a long time may contribute to complications. According to Duarte and Machado [8], measures aimed at ensuring proper initial assessment to detect comorbidities and address them appropriately, improving lung ventilation pre-, intra-, and postsurgery, and preventing infection through clean and sterile procedures can significantly reduce the risk of PPCs. For postoperative patients, does the use of evidence-based practice interventions, such as preoperative education on an incentive spirometer (IS), early mobilization, directed coughing, deep breathing exercises, chest physiotherapy, and inspiratory muscle training (IMT), reduce the risk of developing pulmonary complications during the postoperative period?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based Practice Interventions for Reducing Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: A Narrative Review

Dhillon,

Buddhavarapu,

Grewal

et al. 2023

TORMJ

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Background: Specific surgical procedures, such as upper abdominal and thoracic surgery, are connected to an increased predisposition of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The incidence of PPCs could vary approximately between 20-90% with upper abdominal surgery, which can be minimized by using treatment procedures that increase lung capacity and encourage inspiration. This review aims to examine the effectiveness of already existing evidence-based interventions that promote lung expansion, thereby preventing PPCs. Method: We mainly focused on the existing evidence of preoperative education on the incentive spirometer, early mobilization, directed coughing, deep breathing exercises, chest physiotherapy, and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to prevent PPCs. The literature search was limited to experimental, observational studies, systemic reviews, and articles published in the last 15 years, January 2007- Dec. 2022, in PubMed and Google Scholar. Result: This initial search yielded a total of 5301 articles. All articles with titles not related to the topic were eliminated. 1050 records were screened, and the final review was conducted with 22 articles, including 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), four systemic reviews, one retrospective review, three observational studies, and one non-experimental study. Our review reveals mixed evidence for individual interventions, including but not limited to incentive spirometry, inspiratory muscle training, early mobilization, cough, deep breathing, etc. Some studies maintain that intervention is effective; others imply there is no substantial difference in the choice of intervention. Conclusion: The literature review concluded that patients who received multiple interventions showed significant improvement in pulmonary function postoperatively. However, definitive studies need to be conducted to solidify this conclusion.

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Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: An Epidemiological, Risk Factors and Prevention Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Root causes and outcomes of postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery: a retrospective observational cohort study

Root causes and outcomes of postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery: a retrospective observational cohort study

To Shed Light on the Association between Poor Ergophthalmologic Practices and Computer Vision Syndrome

Evidence-based Practice Interventions for Reducing Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: A Narrative Review

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