Postoperative Radiotherapy for Canine Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) develop from mesenchymal cells of soft tissues, and they commonly occur in the skin and subcutis of the dog. Although phenotypically diverse with frequently controversial histogenesis, STSs are considered as a group because they have similar features microscopically and clinically. Following resection, local recurrence rates are low in general but vary according to histologic grade and completeness of surgical margins. Complete margins predict nonrecurrence. Even most grade I STSs with ''close'' margins will not recur, but propensity for recurrence increases with grade. The frequency of metastasis has not been accurately estimated, but it is believed to be rare for grade I STSs and most likely to occur with grade III STSs. However, metastasis does not necessarily equate with poor survival. High mitotic index is prognostic for reduced survival time. Further research is needed to determine more precise estimates for recurrence rates and survival as related to completeness of surgical margins and to delineate potential differences in metastatic rate and median survival time between grades. Other potential indicators of prognosis that presently require further investigation include histologic type, tumor dimension, location, invasiveness, stage, markers of cellular proliferation, and cytogenetic profiles. Common issues limiting prognostic factor evaluation include biases from retrospective studies, small sample sizes, poor verification of metastasis, inconsistent STS classification and use of nomenclature, difficulties in differentiating STS phenotype, and diversity of the study population (stage of disease and treatment status).

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“…Some pathologists use alternate terminology to refer to only a subset of STSs which cannot be further classified. 11,25,28,49 …”

Section: Sts Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 For this reason, oral STS are often not included in the conventional canine STS grouping. Apart from perioral location, there are no sites where canine cutaneous or subcutaneous STSs are considered to be more aggressive, and tumor location has not consistently been identified as a significant prognostic factor.…”

Section: Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Factors for Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Dogs

McSporran²,

et al. 2010

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“…1 Donald E. Thrall, 2 H. Cecil Charles, 1 and MarkW. Dewhirst 1 Abstract Purpose: The objective was to test whether tumor pH and 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopic end points were related to treatment outcome in pet canine patients with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas treated with thermoradiotherapy.…”

Section: Zeljkovujaskovicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dewhirst 1 Abstract Purpose: The objective was to test whether tumor pH and 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopic end points were related to treatment outcome in pet canine patients with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas treated with thermoradiotherapy. Experimental Design: Forty-two dogs with evaluable 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopic end points and pH data were included in this study.…”

Section: Zeljkovujaskovicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular pH and P-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Variables are Related to Outcome in Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas Treated with Thermoradiotherapy

Lora-Michiels

Sanders

et al. 2006

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: The objective was to test whether tumor pH and 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopic end points were related to treatment outcome in pet canine patients with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas treated with thermoradiotherapy. Experimental Design: Forty-two dogs with evaluable 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopic end points and pH data were included in this study. Tumor variables (grade and volume), extracellular pH (pHe), T 2 relaxation times, intracellular pH, and selected phosphometabolite ratios were examined for correlation with clinical outcome. Results: From 39 dogs, pHe was a predictor of metastasis-free survival (MFS), with hazard ratio (HR, 0.29; P = 0.005) and overall survival (OS) with (HR, 0.36; P = 0.013). Tumor volume (>19 cm 3 ) was related to MFS (HR, 2.14; P = 0.04), time to local failure (HR, 3.4; P = 0.025), and OS (HR, 2.27; P = 0.03). There was no association betweenT 2 or intracellular pH and clinical outcome. Tumor grade (high versus low/intermediate) and phosphodiester/hATP ratio were identified as significant predictors for MFS, with (HR, 2.66; P = 0.009) and (HR, 0.75; P = 0.027), respectively, and as predictors of OS with (HR, 2.66; P = 0.009) and (HR, 0.76; P = 0.03), respectively.The phosphodiester/phosphocreatinine ratio predicted time to local failure (HR, 1.24; P = 0.017). Conclusions: pHe was predictive of metastasis and OS in canine spontaneous sarcomas. To our knowledge, this is the first time that pHe has been shown to be predictive of clinical outcome. The results suggest that additional studies should be considered evaluating the prognostic significance of this variable. Phospholipid resonances, related to membrane metabolism, were related to clinical outcome, confirming recent results reported in human patients with soft tissue sarcomas treated with thermoradiotherapy.Location, histologic grade, and tumor volume are three wellestablished predictors of clinical outcome for soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in humans and dogs (1 -3). These factors, however, do not adequately identify patients who are at the highest risk for development of metastatic disease. Approximately half of the patients diagnosed with high-grade sarcomas will eventually develop metastases (4), but currently, there is no established test to distinguish which patients in this group are at highest risk. In addition, variation among pathologists leads to disagreement up to 25% of the time when staging sarcomas (4). For these reasons, imaging is being used more frequently to stage tumors in the clinic.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used routinely to assess the characteristics and anatomic extent of tumors. Several groups have reported that contrast-enhanced MRI is of prognostic value for survival (5) and local changes in sarcomas in response to therapy (6). Additionally, T 2 relaxation time and phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-31MRS) variables including intracellular pH (pHi) have been associated with the percentage of necrosis and duration of local tumor control following thermo...

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“…2,18 Doxorubicin, alone or combined with other drugs, is usually the recommended chemotherapeutic for high-grade STSs in dogs. 21 However, the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy with surgery on systemic control of STSs did not improve survival time in dogs with highgrade STSs. 21 Combinations of intratumoral cisplatin chemotherapy with radiation and with orthovoltage radiotherapy were described for the treatment of fibrosarcomas in 2 blue-and-gold macaws.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pelvic Limb Amputation for the Treatment of a Soft-tissue Sarcoma of the Tibiotarso-tarsometatarsal Joint in a Blue-and-gold Macaw (Ara ararauna)

Summa¹,

Boston²,

Eshar³

et al. 2016

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

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An unsexed, 16-year-old blue-and-gold macaw (Ara ararauna) was presented for evaluation of rapidly growing subcutaneous masses at the left tibiotarso-tarsometatarsal joint. Results of incisional biopsy were diagnostic for an intermediate-grade soft-tissue sarcoma. A distal-femoral amputation was performed and the leg was submitted for histopathology. Histopathologic examination confirmed the biopsy diagnosis and revealed neoplastic spread into the bone marrow cavity of the tibiotarsus. Excisional margins were complete. The macaw recovered and did well until it died suddenly 32 months after surgery. At necropsy, death was attributed to acute hepatic hemorrhage. No recurrence or metastasis of the sarcoma was identified.

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Postoperative Radiotherapy for Canine Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Cited by 112 publications

References 22 publications

Prognostic Factors for Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Dogs

Prognostic Factors for Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Dogs

Extracellular pH and P-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Variables are Related to Outcome in Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas Treated with Thermoradiotherapy

Pelvic Limb Amputation for the Treatment of a Soft-tissue Sarcoma of the Tibiotarso-tarsometatarsal Joint in a Blue-and-gold Macaw (Ara ararauna)

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