Postoperative Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Fisher, Bernard; Slack, Nelson H.; Cavanaugh, Patrick J.; Gardner, Bernard; Ravdin, Robert G.

doi:10.1097/00000658-197010000-00016

Cited by 288 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Lacour et al (1983) and Meier et al (1989) performed randomised studies of extended radical mastectomy vs radical mastectomy and found no survival difference. Randomised trials of post-mastectomy radiation encompassing the internal mammary nodes did not result in an improvement in overall survival either (Fisher et al, 1970;Palmer and Ribeiro, 1985;Høst et al, 1986;Veronesi et al, 1986;Arriagada et al, 1996). Obfuscating factors of such studies can be the use of adjuvant systemic treatment and the fact that internal mammary nodes may be situated in the breast irradiation field (Freedman et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of non-axillary sentinel node biopsy on staging and treatment of breast cancer patients

et al. 2002

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of lymphatic drainage to non-axillary sentinel nodes and to determine the implications of this phenomenon. A total of 549 breast cancer patients underwent lymphoscintigraphy after intratumoural injection of 99m Tc-nanocolloid. The sentinel node was intraoperatively identified with the aid of intratumoural administered patent blue dye and a gamma-ray detection probe. Histopathological examination of sentinel nodes included step-sectioning at six levels and immunohistochemical staining. A sentinel node outside level I or II of the axilla was found in 149 patients (27%): internal mammary sentinel nodes in 86 patients, other non-axillary sentinel nodes in 44 and both internal mammary and other non-axillary sentinel nodes in nineteen patients. The intra-operative identification rate was 80%. Internal mammary metastases were found in seventeen patients and metastases in other non-axillary sentinel nodes in ten patients. Staging improved in 13% of patients with non-axillary sentinel lymph nodes and their treatment strategy was changed in 17%. A small proportion of clinically node negative breast cancer patients can be staged more precisely by biopsy of sentinel nodes outside level I and II of the axilla, resulting in additional decision criteria for postoperative regional or systemic therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of non-axillary sentinel node biopsy on staging and treatment of breast cancer patients

et al. 2002

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“…Attention has been drawn to increased frequency of metastases in patients receiving radiotherapy for breast or lung cancer Russell, 1959, 1962). Other surveys (Bond, 1967;Fisher et al, 1971) have suggested that post-operative radiotherapy for breast cancer increases the incidence and rates of development of metastases in neighbouring organs. The mechanism involved has most frequently been considered to be suppression of tumour autoimmunity by irradiation.…”

Section: Mletastases In Irradiated Lungsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of Clonogenic Growth of Tumour Cells and Metastases in the Lungs by Local X-Radiation

Brenk¹,

Burch²,

Orton³

et al. 1973

Br J Cancer

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Single cell suspensions of two allogeneic tumours (W-256 and Y-P388) injected intravenously produced macrocolonies in the lungs of rats. Colony forming efficiency (CFE, the number of colonies produced by each viable cell injected) was low in 6-week or older rats but was markedly increased by 1000-1500 rad local thoracic irradiation (LTI) given 7-14 days before the tumour cell injection, or by antilymphocytic serum (ALS) but not by sublethal whole body irradiation (WBI). Similarly, LTI increased the incidence of pulmonary metastases produced by a solid tumour growing in the leg muscle. Stimulation of CFE by LTI was a strictly local phenomenon and not due to effects of irradiation on thymus, spleen or other tissues of the rat. LTI failed to increase CFE in immunized rats. It is concluded that (1) LTI stimulates clonogenic growth of tumour cells arrested in the lungs, by causing inflammatory reactions accompanied by regenerative cellular proliferation of lung tissue, which increases the “plating” efficiency of tumour cells, (2) the increase in CFE in lungs is not due to suppression of immunity to tumour growth by LTI. Images Fig. 3

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“…In the late 1960s, Bernard Fisher (1918-), an American surgeon, designed and directed a national, prospective, randomized clinical trial of limited surgery and adjuvant therapy for breast cancer as part of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. 6 In the first study, radical mastectomy with adjuvant radiation was compared with radical mastectomy alone 274 (Fig. 7); in the second study, simple mastectomy with or without adjuvant radiation was compared with radical mastectomy alone 275 ; and, in the third study, segmentectomy with or without adjuvant radiation was compared with simple mastectomy alone.…”

Section: Surgical Oncologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited surgery plus radiation as an alternative to mastectomy resulted in local control and survival rates superior to those achieved after mastectomy alone. 274,320 Years later, it was demonstrated that simple mastectomy followed by radiation could match the recurrence and survival rates for radical mastectomy, 276 and radiation therapy delayed the appearance of recurrence in the breast. 321 In 1996, it was unequivocally proven in a randomized controlled trial of conservative surgery for invasive breast carcinoma that radiation therapy to the breast could prevent local recurrence and improve survival.…”

Section: Radiation Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, part 7

Hajdu

Vadmal

Tang

2015

Cancer

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In the 2 and half decades reviewed , research established that chromosomal translocation, deletion, and DNA amplification are prerequisites to cancerogenesis and that oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, growth factors, and cytokines play crucial roles in the pathomechanism of cancer. Human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus, and hepatitis B virus were identified as cancer-causing viruses. Several laboratory tests were developed for the detection of primary and recurrent cancers, and cancer prevention by screening methods was popularized. Sonography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, excision of sentinel lymph nodes, and immunohistochemical techniques became routine procedures. Clinicopathologic staging and classification of tumors were standardized. Limited surgery, adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemoradiation, and the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies, tumor vaccines, and targeted chemotherapy became routine practice. The decline in cancer incidence and mortality demonstrated that cancer prevention and advancement in oncology are pivotal to success in the crusade against cancer. Above all, it was clearly established that the care of patients with cancer can be accomplished best in a multidisciplinary setting involving surgical oncologists, radiologists, radiation therapists, medical oncologists, surgical pathologists, and laboratory scientists. In conclusion, the 25 years from 1970 and 1995 are the high-water mark in clinical oncology, and this is the period when oncology turned from art to science. Cancer 2015;121:2480-513.

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Postoperative Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Cited by 288 publications

References 8 publications

Impact of non-axillary sentinel node biopsy on staging and treatment of breast cancer patients

Impact of non-axillary sentinel node biopsy on staging and treatment of breast cancer patients

Stimulation of Clonogenic Growth of Tumour Cells and Metastases in the Lungs by Local X-Radiation

A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, part 7

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