Postpartal Subclinical Endometritis Alters Transcriptome Profiles in Liver and Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows

Akbar, Haji; Cardoso, F.C.; Meier, S.; Burke, Christopher R.; McDougall, S; Mitchell, Murray D.; Walker, Caroline; Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra L.; Everts, Robin E.; Lewin, Harris A.; Roche, J.R.; Loor, Juan J.

doi:10.4137/bbi.s13735

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Infectious diseases are more prevalent in early lactation than in other parts of the production cycle (Steeneveld et al, 2008;Dubuc et al, 2010), and both uterine (Huzzey et al, 2009;Akbar et al, 2014) and mammary (Hoeben et al, 2000) infections can result in systemic inflammation.…”

Section: Prevalence and Causes Of Inflammation During The Transition mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Inflammation during the transition to lactation: New adventures with an old flame

Bradford

Yuan

Farney

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

369

319

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For dairy cattle, the first several weeks of lactation represent the highest-risk period in their lives after their own neonatal period. Although more than 50% of cows during this period are estimated to suffer from at least one subclinical disorder, the complicated admixture of normal adaptations to lactation, infectious challenges, and metabolic disorders has made it difficult to determine which physiological processes are adaptive and which are pathological during this time. Subacute inflammation, a condition that has been well documented in obesity, has been a subject of great interest among dairy cattle physiologists in the past decade. Many studies have now clearly shown that essentially all cows experience some degree of systemic inflammation in the several days after parturition. The magnitude and likely persistence of the inflammatory state varies widely among cows, and several studies have linked the degree of postpartum inflammation to increased disease risk and decreased whole-lactation milk production. In addition to these associations, enhancing postpartum inflammation with repeated subacute administration of cytokines has impaired productivity and markers of health, whereas targeted use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during this window of time has enhanced whole-lactation productivity in several studies. Despite these findings, many questions remain about postpartum inflammation, including which organs are key initiators of this state and what signaling molecules are responsible for systemic and tissue-specific inflammatory states. Continued in vivo work should help clarify the degree to which mild postpartum inflammation is adaptive and whether the targeted use of anti-inflammatory drugs or nutrients can improve the health and productivity of dairy cows.

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Section: Prevalence and Causes Of Inflammation During The Transition mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Inflammation during the transition to lactation: New adventures with an old flame

Bradford

Yuan

Farney

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

369

319

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, high rates of hepatic gluconeogenesis to provide glucose for lactose production in the mammary gland contribute to the metabolic stress in the liver of early‐lactating cows. Besides this metabolic stress, the liver of early‐lactating cows is exposed to diverse inflammatory challenges, such as microbial components [lipopolysaccharides (LPS)], pro‐inflammatory cytokines [tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α ), interleukin (IL)‐1 β , IL‐6] and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of infectious diseases, such as mastitis, endometritis, but also subacute rumen acidosis and abomasal displacement (Plaizier et al., ; Vels et al., ; Burke et al., ; Guzelbektes et al., ; Jørgensen et al., ; Zebeli and Metzler‐Zebeli, ; Akbar et al., ), which frequently occur during parturition and/or the onset of lactation. As a consequence of this, transition dairy cows develop an inflammation‐like condition in the liver (Bionaz et al., ; Vels et al., ) which is evident from the induction of an acute phase response (APR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular insights into the mechanisms of liver‐associated diseases in early‐lactating dairy cows: hypothetical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress

Ringseis

Geßner

Eder

2014

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummaryThe transition period represents the most critical period in the productive life of high-yielding dairy cows due to both metabolic and inflammatory stimuli, which challenge the liver and predispose dairy cows to develop liverassociated diseases such as fatty liver and ketosis. Despite the fact that all high-yielding dairy cows are affected by marked metabolic stress due to a severe negative energy balance (NEB) during early lactation, not all cows develop liver-associated diseases. Although the reason for this is largely unknown, this indicates that the capacity of the liver to cope with metabolic and inflammatory challenges varies between individual high-yielding dairy cows. Convincing evidence exists that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a key role in the development of fatty liver, and it has been recently shown that ER stress occurs in the liver of high-yielding dairy cows. This indicates that ER stress may be involved in the development of liver-associated diseases in dairy cows. The present review shows that the liver of dairy cows during early lactation is exposed to several metabolic and inflammatory challenges, such as non-esterified fatty acids, tumour necrosis factor a, interleukin-1b, reactive oxygen species and lipopolysaccharides, which are known inducers of ER stress. Thus, ER stress may represent a molecular basis for fatty liver development and account for the frequent occurrence of fatty liver and ketosis in high-yielding dairy cows. Interindividual differences between dairy cows in the activation of hepatic stress response pathways, such as nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, which is activated during ER stress and reduces the sensitivity of tissues to oxidative and inflammatory damage, might provide an explanation at the molecular level for differences in the capacity to cope with pathological inflammatory challenges during early lactation and the susceptibility to develop liver-associated diseases between early-lactating dairy cows with similar NEB and milk yield.

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“…Time was not considered in the discussion of transcription regulator and gene network analysis; instead, the focus was on the overall effect of BCS and feeding management, using the same comparisons as in the DIA analysis. Differentially expressed genes were determined as reported previously [20, 21], applying first a stringent P value cut-off of P ≤ 0.01 to the data, and then an FC threshold of ≤ −1.5 and ≥ 1.5. Validation for this approach, which does not take into account multiple testing corrections, was reported previously [22, 23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepartum body condition score and plane of nutrition affect the hepatic transcriptome during the transition period in grazing dairy cows

et al. 2016

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BackgroundA transcriptomic approach was used to evaluate potential interactions between prepartum body condition score (BCS) and feeding management in the weeks before calving on hepatic metabolism during the periparturient period.MethodsThirty-two mid-lactation grazing dairy cows of mixed age and breed were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: two prepartum BCS categories [4.0 (thin, BCS4) and 5.0 (optimal, BCS5); based on a 10-point scale], and two levels of energy intake during the 3 weeks preceding calving (75 and 125 % of estimated requirements). Liver samples were obtained at −7, 7, and 28 d relative to parturition and subsequent RNA was hybridized to the Agilent 44 K Bovine (V2) Microarray chip. The Dynamic Impact Approach was used for pathway analysis, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for gene network analysis.ResultsThe greater number of differentially expressed genes in BCS4 cows in response to prepartum feed allowance (1071 vs 310, over the entire transition period) indicates that these animals were more responsive to prepartum nutrition management than optimally-conditioned cows. However, independent of prepartum BCS, pathway analysis revealed that prepartal feeding level had a marked effect on carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, and glycan metabolism. Altered carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism suggest a greater and more prolonged negative energy balance postpartum in BCS5 cows overfed prepartum. This is supported by opposite effects of prepartum feeding in BCS4 compared with BCS5 cows in pathways encompassing amino acid, vitamin, and co-factor metabolism. The prepartum feed restriction ameliorates the metabolic adaptation to the onset of lactation in BCS5 cows, while detrimentally affecting BCS4 cows, which seem to better adapt when overfed. Alterations in the glycosaminoglycans synthesis pathway support this idea, indicating better hepatic health status in feed-restricted BCS5 and overfed BCS4 cows. Furthermore, IPA network analysis suggests liver damage in feed-restricted thin cows, likely due to metabolic overload.ConclusionOverall, the data support the hypothesis that overfeeding in late-pregnancy should be limited to underconditioned cows, while cows with optimal degree of body condition should be maintained on an energy-restricted diet.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3191-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Postpartal Subclinical Endometritis Alters Transcriptome Profiles in Liver and Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows

Cited by 19 publications

References 96 publications

Invited review: Inflammation during the transition to lactation: New adventures with an old flame

Invited review: Inflammation during the transition to lactation: New adventures with an old flame

Molecular insights into the mechanisms of liver‐associated diseases in early‐lactating dairy cows: hypothetical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress

Prepartum body condition score and plane of nutrition affect the hepatic transcriptome during the transition period in grazing dairy cows

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