Postpartum Depression and Anxiety among Lebanese Women: Correlates and Scales Psychometric Properties

Hobeika, Eva; Malaeb, Diana; Obeïd, Sahar; Salameh, Pascale; Hobeika, Elie; Outayek, Miguella; Akel, Marwan; Kheir, Nelly; Sleiman, Zaki; Barakat, Habib; Hallit, Souheil

doi:10.3390/healthcare11020201

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The UAE (39), and a recent study in Lebanon (40), this can be explained by using different measures or lower EPDS threshold (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prenatal and postnatal depression: prevalence, and risk factors among women seen at University Hospital Obstetrics in Damascus: a prospective cohort study, a call for early screening

Ayrout,

Kookash,

Ashabi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The perinatal period is an important and sensitive period for both mother and her newborn. Mental health is a significant component and can be marred by several issues, the most common of which are prenatal and postpartum depression. Screening for these disorders provides a golden opportunity to provide treatment and avoid risks to the mother and her child. Methods This a prospective cohort study was carried out at University Hospital Obstetrics in Damascus City, using convince sampling approach and conducted over two phases. The first phase was during the third trimester of pregnancy and the second phase involved a follow-up assessment after 6 weeks of delivery. Depression assessment was done using the Arabic-validated version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire (EPDS). A cutoff of 13 or higher was used to determine the presence of probable depression in both assessments. Results Of 347 pregnant women, 134 (38.6%) had a score EPDS > 13 testing positive for prenatal depression (PND). 295 patients have achieved the second assessment, of which 89 (30.2%) had a score EPDS > 13 testing positive for postpartum depression (PPD). Furthermore, 44 (42.5%) who had PND developed PPD after 6 weeks of delivery. Self-harm thoughts were more common during gestation (7.8% versus 2.3%). On multinomial regression, risk factors for PND were Non- Syrian nationality [AOR = 3.25, p- value = 0.01], the father is not alive [AOR = 2.71, P- value = 0.001], and positive history of depression independent of pregnancy [AOR = 4.68, p- value < 0.001]. while for PPD were history of PPD [AOR = 2.54, p- value = 0.01] and earlier positive prenatal depression [AOR = 2.74, p- value < 0.001]. Conclusion This study demonstrated high rates for both PND and PPD in Syrian settings. Depression rate was higher during the third trimester than after 6 weeks. This study highlights the importance of early screening for depression and applying more effective management strategies to obtain a healthy mother bond with her newborn and their well-being, especially in Syrian settings.

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“…The UAE (39), and a recent study in Lebanon (40), this can be explained by using different measures or lower EPDS threshold (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prenatal and postnatal depression: prevalence, and risk factors among women seen at University Hospital Obstetrics in Damascus: a prospective cohort study, a call for early screening

Ayrout,

Kookash,

Ashabi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…High and low anxiety disorder risks were separated with a cut-off score of 26. It is important to mention that these two scales (EPDS and PASS) are validated in Arabic language [ 42 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these resulted in mental health issues among Lebanese population [ 40 , 41 ] including depression and anxiety. According to a recent study, depression and anxiety rates in Lebanese postpartum women seemed to be higher compared with other countries, which may in part be due to differences in regional, social and environmental culture [ 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between maternal-infant bonding and postpartum depression/anxiety: moderating effect of childhood psychological abuse and validation of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding scale (MIBS-8) in Arabic

El Hadathy,

Malaeb,

Hallit

et al. 2024

BMC Psychiatry

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Background The emotional bond that a mother senses to her infant is essential to their social, emotional, and cognitive development. Understanding the level of mother-infant bonding plays an imperative role in the excellence of care. However, in Lebanon, there is a paucity of information about mother-infant bonding in the postpartum period. Given that Lebanese pregnant women constitute an important part of the population to look at, the objectives of the study were to (1) validate the Arabic version of the mother–infant bonding scale and (2) the relation between mother-infant bond and postpartum depression/anxiety; (3) the moderating effect of child abuse in the association between mother-infant bond and postpartum depression/anxiety. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 until June 2023, enrolling 438 women 4–6 weeks after delivery (mean age: 31.23 ± 5.24 years). To examine the factor structure of the mother-infant bond scale, we used an Exploratory-Confirmatory (EFA-CFA) strategy. To check if the model was adequate, several fit indices were calculated: the normed model chi-square (χ2/df), the Steiger-Lind root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the comparative fit index (CFI). Results EFA was conducted on the first subsample. Three items were removed. The five items remaining loaded on one factor, which explained 73.03% of the common variance (ω = .91 / α = .90). After adding a correlation between residuals for items 2–7 and 5–8, fit indices of the CFA results were acceptable: χ2/df = 6.97/3 = 2.32, RMSEA = .068 (90% CI .001, .135), SRMR = .017, CFI = .996, TLI = .988. The interaction maternal-infant bonding by child psychological abuse was significantly associated with depression and anxiety respectively. At low, moderate and high levels of child psychological abuse, higher maternal-infant bonding scores (greater difficulty in bonding) were significantly associated with higher depression and higher anxiety respectively. Conclusion This study provides, for the first time, a specific Arabic scale to assess mother-infant bonding reliably and validly. Furthermore, our study has suggested the existence of factors that have additive effects in potentiating the risk for depression and anxiety among Lebanese postpartum women, namely a history of psychological child abuse. Therefore, laborious awareness programs and healthcare services need to be implemented in order to prevent maternal mental health disorders from being unrecognized and left untreated.

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“…Up to 20 per cent of women worldwide reportedly experience PPD 2 . Higher rates of PPD are most commonly associated with high postpartum anxiety (PPA) as well 3 , which may present alone or as comorbidity with PPD. While the overall prevalence of PPA at 1-24 wk post birth is reportedly 15 per cent, the situation is particularly alarming in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially India 4 , 5 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of postpartum depression & anxiety among women in rural India: Risk factors & psychosocial correlates

Dadhwal,

Sagar,

Bhattacharya

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Background & objectives: Postpartum depression and anxiety (PPD/A) impact a woman’s physical and psychological wellbeing. In the absence of corroboratory evidence from the community setting in India, the present study was undertaken to examine the prevalence, psychosocial correlates and risk factors for PPD/A in the rural community of India. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 680 women during the postpartum period from a rural community in northern India. Screening for PPD/A was done using Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Diagnostic assessment of screened-positive women was done using Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The psychosocial evaluation was done on parameters including women’s social support, bonding with the child, functionality, parental stress, interpersonal violence and marital satisfaction. Results: The overall prevalence of PPD/A/both in community women was 5.6 per cent, with a specific prevalence of 2.2 per cent for PPD, 0.74 per cent for PPA and 2.8 per cent for both disorders. Comparative analysis indicated that women with PPD/A/both experienced significantly higher levels of parenting stress, poor lifestyle (prior two weeks), less support from their partner, parents-in-law and parents, less marital satisfaction, high intimate partner violence, poor bonding with infants and higher infant-focussed anxiety. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher education, marital satisfaction, support from partners and in-laws were associated with reducing the risk of PPD/A/both. Interpretation & conclusions: Rural Indian women experience PPD/A/both which causes stress and impacts their functionality, bonding with the infant and relationship with their spouse and parents. Higher education, marital satisfaction and higher support from partners and in-laws reduce the risk of developing PPD/A/both.

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Postpartum Depression and Anxiety among Lebanese Women: Correlates and Scales Psychometric Properties

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Prenatal and postnatal depression: prevalence, and risk factors among women seen at University Hospital Obstetrics in Damascus: a prospective cohort study, a call for early screening

Prenatal and postnatal depression: prevalence, and risk factors among women seen at University Hospital Obstetrics in Damascus: a prospective cohort study, a call for early screening

The relationship between maternal-infant bonding and postpartum depression/anxiety: moderating effect of childhood psychological abuse and validation of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding scale (MIBS-8) in Arabic

Prevalence of postpartum depression & anxiety among women in rural India: Risk factors & psychosocial correlates

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