Postpartum Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in Sindh, Pakistan

Yadav, Tularam; Shams, Rija; Khan, Amir Faisal; Azam, Hadiya; Anwar, Masroor; Anwar, Tooba; Siddiqui, Charaghan; Abbas, Kausar; Sukaina, Mahnoor; Ghazanfar, Shamas

doi:10.7759/cureus.12216

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…As of the present study's result, mothers who didn't start breast feeding immediately after birth have demonstrated higher odds postpartum depression than mothers who started breast feeding immediately after birth. This is congruent with studies in China [ 22 ], Pakistan [ 44 ] and systemic review in middle east [ 34 ].The logical explanation is that good nursing involves skin-to-skin contact, which enhances mother-infant bonding. Skin-to-skin contact influences maternal-infant touch behaviours, particularly affectionate touch, through increasing oxytocin release.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Postpartum depression and associated factor among mothers attending public health centers of Yeka sub city, addis ababa Ethiopia

Tesfaye,

Ashine,

Tezera

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Postpartum depression and associated factor among mothers attending public health centers of Yeka sub city, addis ababa Ethiopia

Tesfaye,

Ashine,

Tezera

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…The authors also highlight a high prevalence of PPD in the antenatal 36.4% and postpartum 34.3% periods among women. 29 Studies with similar high prevalence rates of PPD can also be seen in countries such as Pakistan (63%), 30 Afghanistan (60.93%), 31 Eswatini (47.4%) 32 and Croatia (45.03%) 6 and South Africa (39,93%). 33 However, the results of d 238 women (not including four women who were single or divorced/parents passed away) answered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Prevalence of postpartum depression and its associated factors within a year after birth in Semey, Kazakhstan: A cross sectional study

Abenova

Myssayev

Kanya

et al. 2022

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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“… 1 Compared with high-income countries, postpartum depression and anxiety are more prevalent in resource-limited countries. 2 For example, in Pakistan, the combined prevalence of postpartum depression and anxiety is estimated to be 28.8%, 3 among the highest in Asian countries. 4 While postpartum anxiety has recently gained attention, there are no accurate estimates of its prevalence in Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy stressors and postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety: the moderating role of a cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention

Sun,

Park,

Malik

et al. 2024

Gen Psych

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BackgroundLittle is known about the association between stressors (especially positive stressors) during pregnancy and postpartum depression and anxiety.AimsWe investigated the association between positive and negative stress events during different stages of pregnancy and postpartum mental health outcomes among low-income pregnant women with symptoms of anxiety in Pakistan and evaluated whether an intervention based on cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) had a regulatory effect.MethodsParticipants were 621 pregnant Pakistani women with mild anxiety. Using the Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief Version, six scores were created to assess positive and negative stressors. We performed a multivariate linear regression to examine whether these six scores, measured both at baseline and in the third trimester, were associated with postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms. The effect of the intervention on this relationship was examined by adding an interaction term to the regression model.ResultsHassles frequency measured in the third trimester was positively associated with depression (B=0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09 to 0.36) and anxiety (B=0.19, 95% CI: 0.08to 0.30). At the same timepoint, uplifts intensity was negatively associated with symptoms of depression (B=−0.82, 95% CI: −1.46 to –0.18) and anxiety (B=−0.70, 95% CI: −1.25 to –0.15), whereas hassles intensity was positively related to symptoms of depression (B=1.02, 95% CI: 0.36 to 1.67) and anxiety (B=0.90, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.47). The intensity ratio of hassles to uplifts reported in the third trimester was positively related to both depression (B=1.40, 95% CI: 0.59 to 2.20) and anxiety (B=1.26, 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.96). The intervention strengthened the overall positive effects of uplifts and the negative effects of hassles. Pregnancy experiences at baseline during early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy were not associated with mental health outcomes.ConclusionsStressors in the third trimester but not earlier in pregnancy were associated with postpartum symptoms of anxiety and depression. The CBT intervention modified the association between pregnancy stressors and postpartum mental health outcomes. Programmes that promote positive experiences and reduce negative experiences, especially in late pregnancy, may mitigate postpartum mental health consequences.Trial registration numberNCT03880032.

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Postpartum Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in Sindh, Pakistan

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Postpartum depression and associated factor among mothers attending public health centers of Yeka sub city, addis ababa Ethiopia

Postpartum depression and associated factor among mothers attending public health centers of Yeka sub city, addis ababa Ethiopia

Prevalence of postpartum depression and its associated factors within a year after birth in Semey, Kazakhstan: A cross sectional study

Pregnancy stressors and postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety: the moderating role of a cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention

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