Postpartum endometrial cytology in beef cows

Santos, N.R.; Lamb, G.C.; Brown, Daniel R.; Gilbert, R.O.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.043

Cited by 51 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, it could be expected that the mechanisms by which ovarian functions are disrupted would be very similar. The incidence of uterine inflammation, as determined by neutrophil infiltration was similar, or even higher in beef cows than in dairy cows in the early weeks after calving (Santos et al, 2009), although the incidence of clinical endometritis at this time may be lower in beef cows (Williams, unpublished observations). In contrast, the incidence of cytological endometritis is higher in dairy cattle later in the postpartum period and it has been hypothesized that the differences in the timing of the first postpartum ovulation between beef and dairy cattle may influence uterine health during this time (Santos et al, 2009).…”

Section: Postpartum Uterine Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Crowe

Diskin

Williams

2014

Animal

107

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There is a variable anoestrous period following parturition in the cow. Follicular growth generally resumes within 7 to 10 days in the majority of cows associated with a transient FSH rise that occurs within 3 to 5 days of parturition. Dairy cows that are not nutritionally stressed generally ovulate their first postpartum dominant follicle (~15 days), whereas beef suckler cows in good body condition normally have a mean of 3.2 ± 0.2 dominant follicles (~30 days) to first ovulation; moreover, beef cows in poor body condition have a mean of 10.6 ± 1.2 dominant follicles (~70 to 100 days) to first ovulation. The lack of ovulation of dominant follicles during the postpartum period is associated with infrequent LH pulses, with both maternal-offspring bonding and low body condition score (BCS) at calving being implicated as the predominant causes of delayed resumption of cyclicity in nursed beef cows. In dairy cows, the normal pattern of early resumption of ovulation may be delayed in high-yielding Holstein type cows generally owing to the effects of severe negative energy balance, dystocia, retained placental membranes and uterine infections. First ovulation, in both dairy and beef cows, is generally silent (i.e., no behavioural oestrus) and followed by a short inter-ovulatory interval (>70%). The key to optimizing the resumption of ovulation in both beef and dairy cows is appropriate pre-calving nutrition and management so that cows calve down in optimal body condition (BCS; 2.75 to 3.0) with postpartum body condition loss restricted to < 0.5 BCS units.

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Section: Postpartum Uterine Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Crowe

Diskin

Williams

2014

Animal

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The mentioned values were lower than the ones obtained in the present study. The time required for a subjective assessment used by Santos et al (2009) and for the count of PMN in 10 fields is very similar. The better results and similar time necessary in the procedure proposed here affirm the suitability of the method for the diagnosis of endometrial cytology in cows.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other attempts to simplify the evaluation of endometrial cytology consisted in the subjective assessment of subclinical endometritis, used by Santos et al (2009) in beef cattle. A subjective technique using 5.5% of PMN as a cut-off point was validated, obtaining a correlation of 0.83, specificity of 100%, sensitivity of 78% and area under the curve of 0.951.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, it has been reported that more than 5% of PMNs is a significant cut-off point for the endometrial inflammatory response in cows sampled using uterine lavage between 40 and 60 days postpartum (Drillich et al 2005;Gilbert et al 2005). Differences have been observed when samples are evaluated by different technicians (Santos et al 2009), and it could be recommended to control these between-technician variations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Validation of a simple method for the interpretation of uterine cytology in cows

Prieto¹,

Barrio²,

Arias³

et al. 2012

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:One of the main drawbacks of using endometrial cytology in cows is the time required for sample collection and interpretation. It is recommended to count a large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and to calculate their overall percentage. However, since counting a large number of cells is a laborious method, it would be preferable to simplify the analysis by counting the number of PMN in few microscopic fields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether a simple test, based on calculating the average number of PMN in 10 fields at 1000×, could be a reliable technique for the diagnosis of endometritis. Two hundred and sixty endometrial samples were taken from Holstein cows at different postpartum stages using an adapted cytobrush. Smears obtained were air-dried for fixing and stained with a Romanowsky-type procedure. To evaluate the counting method, the percentage of PMN in 150 cells was calculated as well as the average number of PMN in 10 fields at 1000×. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was constructed to evaluate both methods, the percentage of PMN (used as reference) and the average number of PMN. It was observed that the area under the curve is (regardless of cut-off used) higher than 0.99 and the correspondence between both methods were 1.58 PMN/field for the cut-off value of 15% and 2.40 PMN/field for the cut-off value of 20%. These results show that this simple method could be used to determine the percentage of PMN in endometrial cytological samples and to diagnose endometritis in cows.

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“…The heart of the method is the halfquantitative evaluation of the diversity of the cells present in the smear. It consists in defining the percentage of multinucleated cells (mainly neutrophils) in the field of view or their percentage to all the cells present in the smear (leucocytes and shedded epithelium cells) (Kasimanickam et al, 2004;Raab D., 2004;Santos et al, 2009). Cytological examination of the uterus can be carried out on cows 3-4 weeks or 45-50 days after the delivery (after the theoretical histological puerperium time has been exceeded), shortly before the optimum period of the first insemination procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The usage of insemination casing in collecting the cytological material from the cow’s uterus in order to reduce the method’s invasiveness

Herudzińska¹,

Kierbić²,

Kmiecik³

et al. 2016

Nauka Przyr. Technol.

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SummaryBackground. Diseases of the uterus are one of the main factors limiting cow's fertility. The subclinical endometritis (endometritis subclinica) is a particular problem among different forms of post-partal metritis in this species because of its complicated diagnosing. In order to enhance the efficiency of uterus diseases diagnostics, different methods (such as cytology) are being applied. However, taking material for cytological examination is invasive and poses the risk of damage, especially while moving the brush inwards through the cervical canal. The purpose of our study was to test the invasiveness of the method in which commonly applied, sharp-edge cytological brushes are used compared with the invasiveness of the modified method in which the edge of the brush is round (covered with an insemination cover). Material and methods. Material for the cytological examination was taken using both of the quoted methods from 60 cows which were proven to be free from endometritis. The cytological material was transferred to glass slides through rolling. The smears were fixed with Cytofix, stained with RapidHem and closely examined. The average erythrocyte and epithelial cell count in 50 fields of view at 100X magnification as well as the percentage of desquamated epithelial fragments (10 cells or more) were specified. The evaluation was conducted in three swab zones corresponding with the peak of the brush (zone I), its middle section (zone II) and its basal part (zone III). Results and conclusions. A comparison of the results of the cytological examination using both methods (sharp-edge and insemination cover) indicated that the number of erythrocytes and the percentage of desquamated epithelial fragments in zone I is an accurate way of determining the invasiveness of the procedure. While using the insemination cover does not entirely eliminate trauma to the epithelium of the cervix, it does reduce the amount of desquamated epithelial fragHerudzińska, M., Kierbić, A., Kmiecik, J., Gehrke, M., Jaśkowski, J. M. (2016). The usage of insemination casing in collecting the cytological material from the cow's uterus in order to reduce the method's invasiveness. Nauka Przyr. Technol., 10, 4, #55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/J. NPT.2016.4.55 2 ments. Therefore, it is less invasive. The low erythrocyte count in smears collected with the use of a brush covered with an insemination cover indicates that this type of safety measure ensures protection from a serious trauma.

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Postpartum endometrial cytology in beef cows

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Validation of a simple method for the interpretation of uterine cytology in cows

The usage of insemination casing in collecting the cytological material from the cow’s uterus in order to reduce the method’s invasiveness

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