Postpollination Phenomena in Orchid Flowers. XII. Effects of Pollination, Emasculation, and Auxin Treatment on Flowers of Cattleya Porcia 'Cannizaro' and the Rostellum of Phalaenopsis

Strauss, Michael S.; Arditti, Joseph

doi:10.1086/337424

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In their study of emasculation-induced senescence, Woltering and Harren [19] suggested that the rise in ethylene production is caused by desiccation of the wounded rostellum . A much smaller effect of emasculation on flower senescence as compared to pollination-induced senescence was also reported for Cattleya [15] and for intact phalaenopsis [12] . A much smaller effect of emasculation on flower senescence as compared to pollination-induced senescence was also reported for Cattleya [15] and for intact phalaenopsis [12] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Pollination-induced senescence of Phalaenopsis petals

et al. 1994

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The longevity of cut Phalaenopsis (Phalaenopsis hybrid, cv. Herbet Hager) flowers is normally 2 to 3 weeks . After pollination however, there was a rapid acceleration of the wilting process, beginning after only 24 h . Enhancement of senescence in several Phalaenopsis cultivars as well as in Doritaenopsis, Dendrobium and Cymbidium, was induced by successful pollination and only slightly or not at all by emasculation . Wilting of the flowers was accompanied by a loss of water from cells of the upper layer of the petals, leading to their upward folding . Following pollination there was an increase in ethylene production and sensitivity to ethylene . The increase in ethylene production began about 10 h after pollination and reached its peak after 30 h . An obvious increase in sensitivity to ethylene could already be detected 4 h after pollination and reached its peak 10 h after pollination . The increase in ethylene sensitivity following pollination was not dependent on endogenous ethylene production as it occurred also in flowers treated with (aminooxy)acetic acid, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis .Abbreviations: AOA = (aminooxy)acetic acid ; RH = relative humidity ; SEM = scanning electron microscope

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Pollination-induced senescence of Phalaenopsis petals

et al. 1994

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“…For most species, the reduction in longevity compared to unpollinated controls was highly significant (although for three species the difference was marginal). To our knowledge, only four orchids, Chloraea alpina, Myrmecophila christinae, Mystacidium venosum and Broughtonia lindenii – one temperate and three tropical epiphytes – have been reported to show this effect since Strauss & Arditti (1984) first observed that emasculation of the tropical orchid cultivar Cattleya Porcia ‘Cannizaro’ induced early abscission. We have found this effect in all 14 tropical orchids (13 epiphytic and one terrestrial), and ours is the first systematic experimental survey of several species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid floral senescence following male function and breeding systems of some tropical orchids

Huda

Wilcock

2011

Plant Biology

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No comparative study of floral senescence following male function among a range of tropical orchid genera has previously been undertaken. The timing and pattern of floral senescence and occurrence of fruit formation were studied following self-, geitonogamous and cross-pollination in 14 epiphytic and two terrestrial orchid species to determine their breeding system and assess the occurrence of floral abscission following pollinaria removal. Both pollination and pollinaria removal caused rapid floral senescence, and the pattern and timing of the floral changes were the same in all treatments. Six Dendrobium species and Pelatantheria insectifera were self-incompatible (SI) and eight other species, including one terrestrial species, were self-compatible (SC). Capsules produced from outcrossing in four SC species, Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi, Eria pubescens, Cleisostoma appendiculatum and Arundina graminifolia, were larger and heavier than those produced after selfing. Reductions in flower life span following pollinaria removal were positively correlated with flower size and longevity of unpollinated flowers but not with position in the inflorescence or nature of the breeding system. Rapid flower senescence following pollinaria removal reported here suggests that it may be widespread in tropical species. The significant association of the response with size of flowers and inflorescences among the species studied suggests that the cost of flower maintenance outweighs the benefit of remaining open for female function after pollinaria have been removed. Both SC and SI species were found among tropical orchids, but variation in capsule size following self- and cross-pollination indicates that there may be a reduction in seed production following selfing, even in SC species, and that fruit formation alone should not be taken as reliable evidence of full self-compatibility.

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“…He was not—and given what was known about the physiology of orchid flowers at the time, could not have been—aware of the physiological role of the rostellum, which became clear relatively recently (see Avadhani et al, 1994, for a review). This role is that of a sensor or “transducer” of the mechanical effects of pollen removal (Arditti and Flick, 1974; Strauss, 1976; Arditti, 1992; Strauss and Arditti, 1984). The rostellum is wounded by removal of the pollen (Fig.…”

Section: Rostellummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vascular strands (Fig. 5D), which extend through the rostellum (Darwin, 1904; Strauss, 1976; Strauss and Arditti, 1984), bring in substrates. The energy used to produce ethylene and import substrates is compensated for by the hydrolysis of structural and reserve substances of floral segments and utilization of their components.…”

Section: Rostellummentioning

confidence: 99%

“The orchids have been a splendid sport”—an alternative look at Charles Darwin's contribution to orchid biology

Yam¹,

Arditti

Cameron

2009

American J of Botany

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Charles Darwin's work with orchids and his thoughts about them are of great interest and not a little pride for those who are interested in these plants, but they are generally less well known than some of his other studies and ideas. Much has been published on what led to his other books and views. However, there is a paucity of information in the general literature on how Darwin's orchid book came about. This review will describe how The Various Contrivances by Which Orchids Are Fertilised by Insects came into being and will discuss the taxonomy of the orchids he studied. It also will concentrate on some of the less well-known aspects of Darwin's work and observations on orchids-namely, rostellum, seeds and their germination, pollination effects, and resupination-and their influence on subsequent investigators, plant physiology, and orchid science.

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Postpollination Phenomena in Orchid Flowers. XII. Effects of Pollination, Emasculation, and Auxin Treatment on Flowers of Cattleya Porcia 'Cannizaro' and the Rostellum of Phalaenopsis

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Pollination-induced senescence of Phalaenopsis petals

Pollination-induced senescence of Phalaenopsis petals

Rapid floral senescence following male function and breeding systems of some tropical orchids

“The orchids have been a splendid sport”—an alternative look at Charles Darwin's contribution to orchid biology

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