Postprandial lipaemia – the influence of diet and its link to coronary heart disease

Lipoprotein metabolism is dependent on apolipoproteins, multifunctional proteins that serve as templates for the assembly of lipoprotein particles, maintain their structure and direct their metabolism through binding to membrane receptors and regulation of enzyme activity. The three principal functions of lipoproteins are contribution to interorgan fuel (triglyceride) distribution (by means of the fuel transport pathway), to the maintenance of the extracellular cholesterol pool (by means of the overflow pathway) and reverse cholesterol transport. The most important clinical application of apolipoprotein measurements in the plasma is in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Concentrations of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein AI (and their ratio) seem to be better markers of cardiovascular risk than conventional markers such as total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Apolipoprotein measurements are also better standardized than the conventional tests. We suggest that measurements of apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein B are included as a part of the specialist lipid profile. We also suggest that lipoprotein (a) should be measured as part of the initial assessment of dyslipidaemias because of its consistent association with cardiovascular risk. Genotyping of apolipoprotein E isoforms remains useful in the investigation of mixed dyslipidaemias. Lastly, the role of postprandial metabolism is increasingly recognized in the context of atherogenesis, obesity and diabetes. This requires better markers of chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins and remnant particles. Measurements of apolipoprotein B48 and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol are currently the key tests in this emerging field.

show abstract

“…Chylomicron remnants are enriched in cholesteryl esters through exchange with HDL (see above). 47…”

Section: Structure and Function Of Apolipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoproteins: metabolic role and clinical biochemistry applications

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The highrisk foods which were mainly fats, carbohydrate and meat were consumed by few respondents. It has been reported that dietary factors, particularly habitual dietary fat consumption and the amount and type of fat in a meal are major determinants of postprandial lipemic response 41 . Consumption of saturated fatty acids induces hyperlipidemia causing progression of atherosclerosis compared to unsaturated fatty acids 42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between dietary patterns and lipid profile of older adults in Kogi State, Nigeria

Nzeagwu

Emmanuel

Iheme

2022

Nor. Afr. J. Food Nutr. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Older adults require proper dietary and lifestyle modification to reduce the risk of age-related disorders. Aims: The study assessed the dietary pattern in relation to the lipid profile of older adults (≥ 65years) in Dekina LGA of Kogi State. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study design employed multi-stage random sampling to select 150 older persons. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Kogi State Ministry of Health Lokoja, Kogi State (MOH. /KGS/1376/1/96). Food frequency questionnaire was used to elicit information on the frequency of food consumption, food consumption pattern was grouped into high-risk food and low risk foods. Lipid profile was assessed and categorized using standard procedure. All analysis were done using IBM SPSS Version 21. Results: Results revealed the frequent (> 5 times / week) consumption of staple crops across the various food groups by a good number of the respondents; maize (52.7 %), sorghum (34.0), millet (38.0 %), fish (81.4 %), crayfish (25.5 %), beans (22.7 %) bamabara nut (27.4 %), mango (31.3 %), cashew (27.4 %), orange (23.3 %), amarantus ‘alefo’ leaf (22.1 %) and palm oil (91.4 %). There was no significant relationship between high-risk foods consumed by the respondents and all the lipid profile parameters. A negative non-significant relationship (p > 0.01) existed between all lipid parameters and low risk foods consumed by the respondents except for triglycerides. Conclusion: The respondents’ dietary intake of low-risk foods is protective of nutrition related disorders. Improved nutrition education geared towards improving the consumption of low-risk foods and rear intake of high risk (processed) foods should be encouraged. Keywords: Dietary pattern, lipid profile, high/low risk foods, older persons, nutrition related diseases.

show abstract

“…It has been reported that dietary factors, particularly habitual dietary fat consumption and the amount and type of fat in a meal are major determinants of postprandial lipaemic response. 16 Chen et al 17 reported that the magnitude of postprandial lipaemia within an individual is directly proportionate to the fat content of the meal. Among the subjects studied, a higher percentage (68.8%) of those whose calorie intake was adequate had LDL cholesterol levels ≥130 (P < 0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%