Postprandial lipid metabolism: effects of dietary fatty acids

Williams, Christine M.

doi:10.1079/pns19970068

Cited by 77 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To summarize the important number of studies performed (reviewed by Williams, 1997;Roche et al, 1998a;Thomsen et al, 1999;Mekki et al, 2002), short or medium dietary fatty acids lower postprandial lipid response by mostly entering the portal route instead of chylomicron secretion. Dairy fats contain significant amounts of short-and medium-chain fatty acids.…”

Section: Dietary Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodology for studying postprandial lipid metabolism

2007

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Background: Postprandial lipid metabolism in humans has deserved much attention during the last two decades. Although fasting lipid and lipoprotein parameters reflect body homeostasis to some extent, the transient lipid and lipoprotein accumulation that occurs in the circulation after a fat-containing meal highlights the individual capacity to handle an acute fat input. An exacerbated postprandial accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the circulation has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Methods: The important number of studies published in this field raises the question of the methodology used for such postprandial studies, as reviewed. Results: Based on our experiences, the present review reports and discuss the numerous methodological issues involved to serve as a basis for further works. These aspects include aims of the postprandial tests, size and nutrient composition of the test meals and background diets, pre-test conditions, characteristics of subjects involved, timing of sampling, suitable markers of postprandial lipid metabolism and calculations. Conclusion: In conclusion, we stress the need for standardization of postprandial tests.

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Section: Dietary Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, it could be worthwhile to evaluate interactions between different genotypes and postprandial responses in groups or larger cohorts (Minihane et al, 2000;Lopez-Miranda et al, 1994b, 1997Moreno et al, 2003).…”

Section: Subject Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for studying postprandial lipid metabolism

2007

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“…Indeed, following a typical fat-containing meal (30-60 g fat), circulating TAG shows a marked elevation within 1-2 h and can remain elevated for 5-8 h in healthy subjects and longer in dyslipidaemic patients (3,4) . On the basis of dietary habits, it is clear that the dominant state of TAG metabolism for most humans is postprandial (1,(5)(6)(7) .The specificity of the postprandial period is a physiological transient accumulation of TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particles in the circulation as provided by both the liver (very LDL) and the small intestine (chylomicrons secreted after lipid digestion and absorption) (1,8) . The capacity of individuals to regulate circulating TAG levels, that is, to secrete and clear TRL postprandially, is obviously an important reflection of their metabolic homeostasis as challenged by dietary intakes (9) .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Exacerbated postprandial lipaemia has been repeatedly associated with cardiovascular risk during clinical studies (13) . Moreover, recent and large epidemiological surveys have clearly evidenced the strong association between the extent of non-fasting TAG and the relative risk for cardiovascular events in men and women (14,15) .Thus, the habitual high-saturated fat, high-carbohydrate/ sugar diets (and sedentary lifestyles) that typify the present time in industrialised countries are prone to cause exacerbated postprandial lipaemia (1,(5)(6)(7) , even in healthy subjects. Only a limited number of clinical studies have addressed the effect of chronic dietary regimen on the extent of postprandial lipaemia.…”

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Effects of 3-month Mediterranean-type diet on postprandial TAG and apolipoprotein B48 in the Medi-RIVAGE cohort

Defoort

Vincent-Baudry

Lairon

2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To determine the postprandial lipaemia response before and after intervention with healthy diets in the Medi-RIVAGE cohort of subjects with moderate risk factors of CVD. Design: One hundred and thirty-five adults (fifty-two men and eighty-three women) followed either a Mediterranean-type (MED) diet or a low-fat American Heart Association-type diet in a parallel design for 3 months. At entry and after 3 months, lipids, glucose and insulin were measured in the fasting samples; TAG and apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48; a marker of intestinally derived chylomicrons) levels were measured in the fasting and postprandial samples after a standard test meal. Results: The MED diet only lowered (P , 0?028) fasting TAG and both diets reduced TAG and ApoB48 levels 5 h after the test meal. The overall 5 h postprandial ApoB48 response (area under curve (AUC)/incremental AUC) was lowered after both diets but this effect was more marked after the MED-diet intervention. Whatever the TAG level at entry, normo-and hyper TAG subjects showed a reduction in the postprandial ApoB48 levels after 3-month diets. BMI at entry did not impact the effect of diets given subjects with BMI , or .25 kg/m 2 showed reduced postprandial ApoB48. Men and women displayed comparable postprandial changes after dietary challenges. Conclusions:A MED diet appears efficient to improve postprandial lipaemia, a recently acknowledged CVD risk, in men and women at moderate cardiovascular risk.Postprandial lipaemia has received increasing attention during the past two decades (1,2) . Indeed, following a typical fat-containing meal (30-60 g fat), circulating TAG shows a marked elevation within 1-2 h and can remain elevated for 5-8 h in healthy subjects and longer in dyslipidaemic patients (3,4) . On the basis of dietary habits, it is clear that the dominant state of TAG metabolism for most humans is postprandial (1,(5)(6)(7) .The specificity of the postprandial period is a physiological transient accumulation of TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particles in the circulation as provided by both the liver (very LDL) and the small intestine (chylomicrons secreted after lipid digestion and absorption) (1,8) . The capacity of individuals to regulate circulating TAG levels, that is, to secrete and clear TRL postprandially, is obviously an important reflection of their metabolic homeostasis as challenged by dietary intakes (9) .It is now well recognised that elevated postprandial lipaemia and TRL is a characteristic metabolic abnormality of a number of lifestyle-related diseases and conditions that are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (10)(11)(12) . Exacerbated postprandial lipaemia has been repeatedly associated with cardiovascular risk during clinical studies (13) . Moreover, recent and large epidemiological surveys have clearly evidenced the strong association between the extent of non-fasting TAG and the relative risk for cardiovascular events in men and women (14,15) .Thus, the habitual high-saturated fat, high-carbohydrate/ sug...

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The impact of dietary mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids on risk factors for atherosclerosis in humans

Kratz

Cullen

Wahrburg

2002

Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.

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The fatty acid composition of the diet has various effects on atherosclerosis risk factors. Dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans-unsaturated fatty acids increase the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio in serum, while these fats do not have a significant bearing on serum triglyceride levels. By contrast, dietary monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) similarly reduce LDL cholesterol concentrations, while their influence on serum HDL cholesterol and triglycerides is not appreciable. Dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA slightly increase serum LDL cholesterol concentrations, but are nevertheless considered salubrious with regard to serum lipids due to the distinct triglyceride-lowering effects. MUFA-rich compared to n-6 PUFA-rich diets strongly reduce the in vitro oxidizability of LDL. The available studies on this subject also suggest that n-3 PUFA in the small amounts usually present in the diet are not unduly harmful. These findings are consistent with reports from observational studies: the amount of SFA is positively and the amount of MUFA and n-6 PUFA in the diet is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in most epidemiological studies. The available studies have had an impact on current dietary guidelines, which unanimously recommend that most of the dietary fat should be in the form of MUFA, while the amount of SFA and trans fatty acids in the diet should be as low as possible.

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Postprandial lipid metabolism: effects of dietary fatty acids

Cited by 77 publications

References 45 publications

Methodology for studying postprandial lipid metabolism

Methodology for studying postprandial lipid metabolism

Effects of 3-month Mediterranean-type diet on postprandial TAG and apolipoprotein B48 in the Medi-RIVAGE cohort

The impact of dietary mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids on risk factors for atherosclerosis in humans

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