Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein changes in elderly and young subjects

Cassader, Maurizio; Gambino, Roberto; Ruiu, G.; Marena, S; Bodoni, P.; Pagano, Gianfranco

doi:10.1007/bf03339605

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Fasting plasma TG concentrations correlate with PPL (5) because chylomicrons compete with lipoproteins secreted by the liver for hydrolysis/clearance of their TG load by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. Therefore, the observed increased PPL in the elderly in previous studies (4,5,9) can be explained, at least in part, by increased plasma TG concentrations in the fasting state. Furthermore, fat-free mass is a major determinant of energy expenditure, with skeletal muscle representing the tissue with the largest fractional removal of circulating TG (21) and being a major player in fat oxidation and the removal of ingested lipid (23).…”

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confidence: 70%

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Postprandial lipemia in the elderly involves increased incorporation of ingested fat in plasma free fatty acids and small (S_f20–400) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

Puga

Meyer

Everman

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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In the elderly, the rise in postprandial plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations is increased, contributing to their increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We sought to determine the incorporation of ingested fat (whipping cream enriched with [1,1,1-13 C]triolein) into plasma lipids during the postprandial period in six healthy elderly (67 Ϯ 1 yr old) and six healthy young (23 Ϯ 2 yr old) subjects. Blood and expired air samples were taken before and at 2-h intervals during the 8-h postprandial period. As expected, the area under the curve of postprandial plasma TG concentrations was larger in the elderly compared with the young subjects (152 Ϯ 38 vs. 66 Ϯ 27 mg·dl Ϫ1 ·h, P Ͻ 0.05). The incorporation of [13 C]oleate in plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) and TG of the small (Sf ϭ 20 -400) triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction was significantly higher in the elderly compared with the young subjects, resulting in increased postprandial contributions of the ingested lipid to plasma FFAs (41 Ϯ 3 vs. 26 Ϯ 6%, P Ͻ 0.05) and the small TRL fraction (36 Ϯ 5 vs. 21 Ϯ 3%, P Ͻ 0.05) in elderly. Plasma apoB-100 concentration was higher, whereas the rate of oxidation of the ingested lipid was lower (P Ͻ 0.05) in the elderly. We conclude that increased postprandial lipemia in the elderly involves increased contribution of ingested lipid to the plasma small TRLs. This appears to be driven at least in part by increased appearance of the ingested fat as plasma FFA and increased availability of apo B-100 lipoproteins in the elderly. aging; chylomicrons; stable isotope tracers; spillover; very low-density lipoprotein THE ELEVATION IN PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE (TG) concentrations can last for several hours after fat ingestion, stretch between meals, and result in a major part of lifetime spent in a metabolic state associated with lipemia. The magnitude of postprandial lipemia (PPL) is positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (19,20). It has been documented previously that the magnitude of PPL is increased with aging (4, 5, 9), a phenomenon that places elderly individuals at greater risk for cardiovascular disease compared with their young counterparts.In healthy young individuals, the incremental increase in plasma TG concentrations in the postprandial period is due primarily to the increase in large (S f Ͼ 400) TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particles, consisting predominantly of chylomicrons, which result from the absorption of the ingested fat.However, the mechanisms that contribute to the age-associated increase in PPL are poorly understood. This is due in part to the selection of subjects in previous studies that makes conclusions on the effects of aging on PPL problematic as well as the lack of isotopic tracer studies that trace the metabolic fate of ingested fat in the elderly.To elucidate the effects of aging per se on PPL, it is important to control for physiological variables that are not directly linked to aging but are known to modify PPL. Such variables include fasting plasma TG concentrations and fat-free...

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confidence: 70%

“…The magnitude of postprandial lipemia (PPL) is positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (19,20). It has been documented previously that the magnitude of PPL is increased with aging (4,5,9), a phenomenon that places elderly individuals at greater risk for cardiovascular disease compared with their young counterparts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Postprandial lipemia in the elderly involves increased incorporation of ingested fat in plasma free fatty acids and small (S_f20–400) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

Puga

Meyer

Everman

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…In addition, a single report found lower plasma TG concentrations during the postprandial period in older individuals (18), a finding that may be skewed by the fact that the younger control group was composed of middle-aged individuals rather than young participants. The overwhelming amount of evidence, however, clearly demonstrates that PPL is greater in older individuals (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)20). The response of plasma TGs during the postprandial period in older individuals is characterized by a higher peak (observed typically 3-4 h after ingesting high-fat meal) and a more prolonged presence of these TGs in plasma compared with that in young individuals (8,10).…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Ppl In Older Individualsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…It has been known for some time that older individuals have exaggerated PPL compared with young controls (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). This increase in PPL as individuals age may explain the increased incidence of CVD observed in the older segment of the population (1,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinical Considerations and Mechanistic Determinants of Postprandial Lipemia in Older Adults

Katsanos

2014

Advances in Nutrition

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The typical diet of individuals in Western societies results in metabolic responses associated with fed-state fat metabolism for most of the daily life of the individual. This fat metabolism is characterized specifically by an increase in the concentration of plasma lipids, primarily triglycerides. Increased postprandial lipemia, which is typically observed in older individuals (i.e., >65 y old), has now emerged as an important correlate of cardiovascular disease risk. An understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the increased postprandial lipemia in older individuals becomes, therefore, of particular clinical importance in any effort to explain and address the well-documented increase in cardiovascular disease risk as individuals age. Current evidence points to an increase in the accumulation of ingested lipid in lipoprotein particles of hepatic origin, together with an overall accumulation of lipid in these lipoproteins during the postprandial period, as primary contributors to the postprandial lipemia in older persons. When this evidence is considered together with the evidence suggesting large atherogenic potential of lipoproteins of hepatic origin, this can, at least in part, explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in older individuals. Understanding changes in the metabolism of ingested fat in the immediate postprandial period with advancing age, and how lifestyle interventions such as diet and physical exercise can ameliorate the increase in postprandial lipemia in older individuals, is important in order to address the increased cardiovascular disease risk in this particularly affected and growing segment of the population.

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“…Changes in dietary fat can change liver fat independently of any change in body weight, free fatty acid (FA) concentration, intra-abdominal or subcutaneous fat mass, or rate of carbohydrate, lipid or protein oxidation 12,38 . Up to 20 % of dietary FA are secreted as VLDL triglycerides in humans within 6 hours after a meal 39,40 . Weight loss enhances insulin sensitivity and subjects with high liver fat submitted to a weight loss showed a larger decrease in hepatic fat and a more marked decrease in insulin concentration than control subjects with low liver fat 41,42 .…”

Section: Pathobiochemistry and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - A novel common aspect of the metabolic syndrome

Bogdanová¹,

Poczatková²,

Uherková³

et al. 2006

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein changes in elderly and young subjects

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Postprandial lipemia in the elderly involves increased incorporation of ingested fat in plasma free fatty acids and small (S_f20–400) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

Postprandial lipemia in the elderly involves increased incorporation of ingested fat in plasma free fatty acids and small (S_f20–400) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

Clinical Considerations and Mechanistic Determinants of Postprandial Lipemia in Older Adults

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - A novel common aspect of the metabolic syndrome

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Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein changes in elderly and young subjects

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Postprandial lipemia in the elderly involves increased incorporation of ingested fat in plasma free fatty acids and small (Sf20–400) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

Postprandial lipemia in the elderly involves increased incorporation of ingested fat in plasma free fatty acids and small (Sf20–400) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

Clinical Considerations and Mechanistic Determinants of Postprandial Lipemia in Older Adults

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - A novel common aspect of the metabolic syndrome

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Postprandial lipemia in the elderly involves increased incorporation of ingested fat in plasma free fatty acids and small (S_f20–400) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

Postprandial lipemia in the elderly involves increased incorporation of ingested fat in plasma free fatty acids and small (S_f20–400) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins