Postraumatic intracranial hematomas in infancy

Herrera, Enrique José; Viaño, J.; Aznar, Inma; Suárez, Julio Cesar Pérez

doi:10.1007/s003810000340

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This finding coincides with a review reporting on a 16-year experience with posttraumatic intracranial haematomas, in which vomiting (45.7%) was the most frequent immediate symptom, beside loss of consciousness (Herrera et al, 2000). Another study on extradural haematomas in children found recurrent vomiting in 70% of the cases (Maggi et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in conscious patients with facial fractures – A review of 1959 cases

Kloss

Laimer

Hohlrieder

et al. 2008

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in conscious patients with facial fractures – A review of 1959 cases

Kloss

Laimer

Hohlrieder

et al. 2008

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

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“…Another study demonstrated that the most common cause of severe head injury in early infancy (<12 months) was domestic accidents, mostly falls [15]. Vehicle accidents were the second most common cause of injury, a finding that is also consistent with the literature [13,15,16]. It has been well documented that abuse/inflicted injury in infants has specific clinical characteristics on its neuropathology, radiology and presentation [17,18,19,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Trauma Infant Neurologic Score Predicts the Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants

et al. 2010

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To investigate the clinical features of infancy traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the prognostic value of the Trauma Infant Neurologic Score (TINS), infants <2 years of age with TBI who were admitted from 2000 to 2007 were retrospectively studied. Fifty-six patients with a mean age of 13.3 ± 6.5 months (range = 2–24) were identified. The clinical diagnoses, in terms of the severest injury, included scalp hematomas (n = 2), skull bone fractures (n = 3), epidural hematomas (n = 21), subdural hematomas (n = 14), cerebral contusion and laceration (n = 4), intracerebral hematomas (n = 7), traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 2), diffuse axonal injury (n = 2) and diffuse brain swelling (n = 1). The most common clinical presentations were vomiting (66.1%), paleness (55.4%), irritability (37.3%), pupillary abnormalities (35.7%) and altered consciousness (32.1%). The mechanism of injury included falls (n = 41), vehicle accident (n = 9), abuse (n = 4) and unknown (n = 2). The TINS score ranged from 1 to 10 with a mean of 3.6 (SD = 2.4) in the whole patient cohort. The Children’s Coma Scores (CCS) on admission were 13–15 (n = 31), 9–12 (n = 7) and 3–8 (n = 18). Thirty-nine of the infants were operated on and the other 17 infants were treated nonsurgically. Forty-eight patients (86%) were followed up for a period of 1–8 years (mean = 4.4) after discharge. In the followed-up patient cohort, the mean TINS score at admission was 3.8 ± 2.5. The total clinical outcome, according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), was: 37 (77.1%) good recovery, 4 (8.3%) moderately disabled, 1 (2.1%) vegetative and 6 (12.5%) dead. For those who were operated on the outcome was: 25 (78.1%) good recovery, 4 (12.5%) moderately disabled and 3 (9.4%) dead, and for those who were not operated on: 12 (75.0%) good recovery, 1 (6.3%) vegetative and 3 (25.0%) dead. At two years of follow-up, the GOS included 34 (73.9%) good recovery, 3 (6.5%) moderately disabled, 2 (4.3%) severely disabled, 1 (2.2%) vegetative and 6 (13.0%) dead. Statistical tests revealed that the TINS scores were highly associated with the GOS. Higher TINS scores resulted in worse clinical outcome. The CCS scores were also to some degree associated with the GOS score. However, the CCS score on admission was not as discriminating as TINS, predicting only the best and worst outcome in our series. Our study showed that the clinical features of TBI in infants were different from those seen in adults regarding both the distribution of the pathology type and the clinical presenting symptoms. We found that the TINS scoring system is useful for predicting prognosis and outcome in infancy TBI and suggest that it could be routinely used in the infantile population.

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“…The median incidence of fall injury in Asia in those aged 0–18 years was found to be 170 per 100 000 children averaging 43% of all injuries (Table S2) (see Tables S1 and S2 for citation of references 14–55). Among those less than 5 years in Asia there was a median incidence of 58.2 falls per 100 000 children, comprising 35% of all injuries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Falls among children in the developing world: a gap in child health burden estimations?

et al. 2007

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Aim: To estimate the incidence and mortality rates for unintentional fall injuries in children under 5 years of age in three developing regions of the world.Methods: This is a systematic review of literature on unintentional childhood fall injuries. A computerized PUBMED search of literature published between 1980 and 2006 was conducted and a manual search of journals was also completed.Results: Over 140 000 injuries to children under 19 years were reported in 56 studies (21 from Asia, 20 from Africa and 15 from South America); on an average 36% of injuries (52 575) were due to falls. The median incidence is estimated at 137.5 fall injuries per 100 000 children. The incidence of falls specific to the under-5 age group was reported in 16 studies with a median incidence of 40.6 falls per 100 000. The overall average incidence rate for childhood falls is highest in South America at 1315 followed by Asia at 1036 and Africa at 786 per 100 000, respectively. Average mortality rates were highest for Asia at 27 followed by Africa at 13.2 per 100 000, respectively.Conclusion: This review demonstrates that the burden of falls on children has not been well documented, and is most likely under-reported. With the large and growing population of children in developing countries, the public health implications of the observed results are tremendous. Appropriate prevention relies on accurate statistics.

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Postraumatic intracranial hematomas in infancy

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in conscious patients with facial fractures – A review of 1959 cases

Traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in conscious patients with facial fractures – A review of 1959 cases

Trauma Infant Neurologic Score Predicts the Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants

Falls among children in the developing world: a gap in child health burden estimations?

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