Posttraumatic movement disorders: A review

Delayed-onset focal dystonia of the leg secondary to traumatic brain injury

“…Hemidystonia has been shown, however, in a patient where the CT scan was normal and basal ganglia abnormalities were only revealed through positron emission tomography scans. 6,7 The dystonia in our patient almost completely resolved with botulinum toxin therapy. The initial difficulty in distinguishing between the compensatory dorsiflexion of the ankle and the primary abnormal posture of plantar flexion of the foot is of interest: it was not until the injections to the tibialis anterior were omitted and were instead given into the gastrocnemius muscle that an optimal response was obtained.…”

A Patients with Hemidystonia and Blepharospasm Following Traumatic Injury

“…However, it has been reported that cervical dystonia following neck trauma [10] and oromandibular dystonia following facial injury [11] could occurred without brain lesions. Moreover, peripheral injuries to the face or neck have been implicated in many cases of focal or segmental dystonia [12,13]. The physiological mechanism of peripheral trauma-induced dystonia is not known, while some experimental studies suggest that peripheral injury can lead to reorganisation at cortical, subcortical and spinal cord levels resulting in motor dysfunction [11].…”

Head Tremor and Stroke

“…Finally, the nature of our patients' head trem or resem bled the previously described 'rubral' trem or that is char acterized by 3-to 5-Hz resting trem or frequently accen tuated on certain sustained postures [9,[26][27][28][29] …”