Posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms in soldiers returning from combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan

Lapierre, Coady; Schwegler, Andria F.; LaBauve, Bill J.

doi:10.1002/jts.20278

Cited by 228 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…An earlier review (Tanielian and Jaycox, 2008) identified 11 studies that reported rates of depression among active-duty service members serving in OEF or OIF, ranging from 5 percent (Hoge, Auchterlonie and Milliken, 2006;Kolkow et al, 2007;MHAT-II, 2005) to 37 percent (Lapierre, Schwegler, and Labauve, 2007). Correlates of depression in the 11 studies included having a hospitalization during deployment or other physical problems; being female, under 25 years of age, nonwhite, or junior enlisted; and deployment intensity (i.e., level of combat, two or more deployments, deployment for more than six months) (Tanielian and Jaycox, 2008).…”

Section: Ptsd and Depression Among Service Membersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Care for PTSD and Depression in the Military Health System: Phase I Report

Hepner¹,

Sloss²,

Roth³

et al. 2016

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This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR978 Support RANDPublished by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND CorporationR® is a registered trademark. Cover: U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Tabatha Zarrella iii PrefaceThe U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) strives to maintain a physically and psychologically healthy, mission-ready force, and the care provided by the Military Health System (MHS) is critical to meeting this goal. Given the rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among U.S. service members, attention has been directed to ensuring the quality and availability of programs and services targeting these and other psychological health (PH) conditions. Understanding the current quality of care for PTSD and depression is an important step toward future efforts to improve care across the MHS.To help determine whether the service members with PTSD and/or depression are receiving evidence-based care and whether there are disparities in care quality by branch of service, geographic region, and service member characteristics (e.g., gender, age, pay grade, race/ethnicity, deployment history), DoD's Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury (DCoE) asked the RAND Corporation to conduct a review of the administrative data and medical records of service members diagnosed with PTSD and/or depression and to recommend areas on which the MHS could focus its efforts to continuously improve the quality of care provided to all service members.This report should be of interest to MHS personnel who provide care for service members with PTSD and/or depression. It should also be useful to those responsible for monitoring the quality of that care and developing evidence-based quality measures to improve care for service members and individuals with PTSD or depression in other health systems.This research was sponsored by DCoE and conducted within the Forces and Resources Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of ...

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Section: Ptsd and Depression Among Service Membersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Care for PTSD and Depression in the Military Health System: Phase I Report

Hepner¹,

Sloss²,

Roth³

et al. 2016

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“…Some of these researchers failed to find gender differences in mental health problems occurring postdeployment, [7][8][9][10][11] but a few studies have found a higher incidence of PTSD in females returning from deployment compared with males, 12,13 who appear to have more substance abuse problems. 11 In some of these studies, female service members were also more likely than men to screen positive for depression.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…11 In some of these studies, female service members were also more likely than men to screen positive for depression. 7,8,11,[13][14][15] Greater psychologic morbidity has been seen in deployed military HCPs, explained by poorer group cohesion and traumatic military medical and postdeployment experiences. 16 Returning HCPs did not think that people understood what they had been through during deployment and felt unsupported.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Males Females Males Females Item n = 180 (n = 13,589) a n = 112 (n = 4,652) a n = 85 (n = 4,043) a n = 68 (n = 1,156) subgroups. 8,12,15 The beneficial role of social support and the ability to draw upon social relationships may be considered a protective factor for psychologic distress after a deployment. 12,[30][31] Emotional numbing criteria were endorsed more often in enlisted HCPs and female officers than males.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences in Response to Deployment Among Military Healthcare Providers in Afghanistan and Iraq

Gibbons

Hickling

Barnett

et al. 2012

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Despite their growing numbers in the United States military, little has been published on healthcare providers (HCP) or female service members from conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. The purpose of this secondary analysis of data from the 2005 Department of Defense (DoD) Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Active Duty Military Personnel was to determine gender differences in reaction to the impact of operational stress in deployed military healthcare providers. Methods: The unweighted study sample selected for this data analysis included results from female and male active duty military personnel over the age of 18 years (n = 16,146) deployed at least once to Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) or Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) within the past 3 years (n = 1,425), for a final sample consisting of either officer (healthcare officer) or enlisted (healthcare specialist) personnel (n = 455) (weighted n = 23,440). Indices of psychologic distress and social relations were explored and compared. Results: Enlisted female HCPs were more likely to be African American (42.3%) and single (63.0%) and represented the greater percentage with significant psychologic difficulties, as shown by serious psychologic distress endorsement (11.3%) and positive screen results for depression (32.2%). More harmful drinking patterns (Alcohol Use Disorders Identifications Test [AUDIT] score 8-15) were found in more female HCPs (enlisted 61.8%, officers 76.4%) compared with males (enlisted 41.1%, officers 67.1%). Conclusions: Female HCPs serving in the current military conflicts are reporting significant psychologic distress that may adversely impact their performance within the military, in theaters of operations, and in their lives at home. Implications for clinical care of female service members and veterans of current wars are addressed.

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“…Given that U.S. soldiers are currently deployed for 15-month rotations, exposure to potentially traumatic events is lengthy, and traumatic stress symptoms may be more likely (9). Shortly after redeployment, approximately 44% of service members reported clinically significant depressive and/or posttraumatic stress symptoms (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

A computerized, tailored intervention to address behaviors associated with PTSD in veterans: rationale and design of STR2IVE

Jordan

Evers

Burke

et al. 2011

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Combat exposure among military personnel results in increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, substance use, and related health risks. PTSD symptoms require innovative approaches to promote effective coping postdeployment. PTSD's nature and scope requires an approach capable of integrating multiple health risks while reaching large populations. This article provides the rationale and approach to adapt and evaluate a Pro-Change computerized tailored intervention (CTI) targeted at behavioral sequelae (i.e., smoking, stress, and depression) for veterans with or at risk for PTSD. The three-phase approach includes: 1) focus groups to review and, subsequently, adapt content of the existing CTI programs; 2) usability testing; and 3) feasibility testing using a three-month pre-postdesign. Effective, theory-based, real-time, multiple behavior interventions targeting veterans' readiness to quit smoking, manage stress, and depression are warranted to provide potential health impact, opportunities for learning veteran-specific issues, and advance multiple health behavior change knowledge.

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Posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms in soldiers returning from combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan

Cited by 228 publications

References 18 publications

Quality of Care for PTSD and Depression in the Military Health System: Phase I Report

Quality of Care for PTSD and Depression in the Military Health System: Phase I Report

Gender Differences in Response to Deployment Among Military Healthcare Providers in Afghanistan and Iraq

A computerized, tailored intervention to address behaviors associated with PTSD in veterans: rationale and design of STR2IVE

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