Posttraumatic stress disorder: A metabolic disorder in disguise?

Michopoulos, Vasiliki; Vester, Aimee; Neigh, Gretchen N.

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.038

Cited by 114 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…The high comorbidity between PTSD and MDD with metabolic disease suggests that underlying changes in biology that are common to both conditions, such as dysregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and increased inflammation, may explain the aetiology of the high comorbidity of these mental and physical disease states . Indeed, increased systemic inflammation is associated with both PTSD and MDD .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the current findings highlight the importance of further understanding the mechanism by which trauma exposure and psychopathology exacerbate biological risk factors of diabetes. Identifying these mechanisms could have significant implications for future treatment of type 2 diabetes in those with psychopathology, as recent studies suggest that alleviation of depression symptoms via treatment can have beneficial effects on cardiometabolic factors and that significant reductions in PTSD symptoms (upon treatment for PTSD or spontaneous improvement) are associated with decreased long‐term risk for developing type 2 diabetes …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma exposure and stress‐related disorders in African‐American women with diabetes mellitus

Dixon

Michopoulos

Gluck

et al. 2020

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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Objective:The purpose of the study was to assess demographic features, rates of trauma exposure, prevalence of post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in a group of urban, low-income, African-American women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research Design and Methods:We conducted a survey of (n = 290) low-income, African-American women seeking care in the diabetes clinic of an urban hospital and collected data on the demographic characteristics, childhood and nonchildhood abuse trauma exposure, and the severity of post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms using the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptom Scale (PSS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In a subset of women with type 2 diabetes (n = 96), we assessed haemoglobin A1c to examine the relationship between psychopathology and glycaemic control. Results:Of the overall sample, 61.7% reported exposure to trauma in their lifetime, and 30.4% and 29.3% had current PTSD and MDD, respectively. Exposure to both childhood and nonchildhood abuse trauma was associated with an increased PTSD and depressive symptom severity (P's < .05). PTSD diagnosis, but not depression, was associated with increased haemoglobin A1c (P = .002). Conclusions:These data document high levels of trauma exposure, PTSD and depressive symptoms in diabetic African-American women treated in a specialty clinic of an urban hospital setting. Furthermore, these data indicate that the presence of PTSD is negatively associated with glycaemic control. K E Y W O R D S diabetes, glycaemic control, MDD, PTSD, trauma exposure How to cite this article: Dixon HD, Michopoulos V, Gluck RL, et al. Trauma exposure and stress-related disorders in African-American women with diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma exposure and stress‐related disorders in African‐American women with diabetes mellitus

Dixon

Michopoulos

Gluck

et al. 2020

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

Self Cite

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“…Early-life trauma is linked to obesity and the consumption of obesogenic diets (Duncan et al, 2015;Ehlert, 2013;Farr et al, 2015;Masodkar et al, 2016;Mason et al, 2017;Pagoto et al, 2012;Perkonigg et al, 2009;Roenholt et al, 2012;Wolf et al, 2017). The high co-morbidity between obesity and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) suggest that adaptations to trauma may increase the risk for the consumption of obesogenic diets as a result of the traumatic experience (Godfrey et al, 2018;Kalyan-Masih et al, 2016;Michopoulos et al, 2016). There is also mounting evidence that exposure to obesogenic diets rich in saturated fat foods and sugars have a direct adverse effect on emotional regulation, anxiety-like behaviors, and neural substrates implicated with stress (Baker and Reichelt, 2016;Boitard et al, 2015;Kalyan-Masih et al, 2016;Ortolani et al, 2011;Reichelt et al, 2015;Sivanathan et al, 2015;Vega-Torres et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early maturational emergence of adult-like emotional reactivity and anxiety after brief exposure to an obesogenic diet

Vega-Torres

Azadian

Rios-Orsini

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Emerging evidence demonstrates that diet-induced obesity disrupts corticolimbic circuits underlying emotional regulation. Studies directed at understanding how obesity alters brain and behavior are easily confounded by a myriad of complications related to obesity. This study investigated the early neurobiological stress response triggered by an obesogenic diet. Furthermore, this study directly determined the combined impact of a short-term obesogenic diet and adolescence on critical behavioral and molecular substrates implicated in emotion regulation and stress.Methods: Adolescent (postnatal day 31) or adult (postnatal day 81) Lewis rats were fed for one week with an experimental Western-like high-saturated fat diet (WD, 41% kcal from fat) or a matched control diet (CD, 13% kcal from fat). We used the acoustic fear-potentiated startle (FPS) paradigm to determine the effects of the WD on cued fear conditioning and fear extinction. We used c-Fos mapping to determine the functional influence of the diet and stress on corticolimbic circuits. Results:We report that one-week WD consumption was sufficient to induce fear extinction deficits in adolescent rats, but not in adult rats. We identify fear-induced alterations in corticolimbic neuronal activation and demonstrate increased prefrontal cortex CRHR1 mRNA levels in the rats that consumed the WD. Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that short-term consumption of an obesogenic diet during adolescence heightens behavioral and molecular vulnerabilities associated with risk for anxiety and stress-related disorders. Given that fear extinction promotes resilience, and that fear extinction principles are the Vega-Torres et. al., 3 foundation of psychological treatments for PTSD, understanding how obesogenic environments interact with the adolescent period to affect the acquisition and expression of fear extinction memories is of tremendous clinical relevance. KEYWORDS PTSD, diet-induced obesity, adolescence, anxiety, fear-potentiated startle, CRHR1 HIGHLIGHTS • Short-term WD consumption during adolescence impairs cued fear extinction memory retention in a fear-potentiated startle paradigm.• Short-term WD consumption during adolescence attenuates neuronal activation to electric footshock stress in the basomedial nuclei of the amygdala.• Short-term WD consumption increases CRHR1 mRNA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex.• Adult LEW rats exhibit increased basal HPA axis tone and heightened emotional reactivity to footshock stress relative to adolescent rats.

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“…Early-life trauma is increasingly linked to obesity and the consumption of obesogenic diets (Duncan et al, 2015;Ehlert, 2013;Farr et al, 2015;Masodkar et al, 2016;Mason et al, 2017;Pagoto et al, 2012;Perkonigg et al, 2009;Roenholt et al, 2012;Wolf et al, 2017). The high co-morbidity between obesity and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) suggest that adaptations to trauma may increase the risk for the consumption of obesogenic diets as a result of the traumatic experience (Godfrey et al, 2018;Kalyan-Masih et al, 2016;Michopoulos et al, 2016). There is mounting evidence that exposure to obesogenic diets rich in saturated fat diets and sugars has a direct adverse effect on emotional regulation, anxiety-like behaviors, and neural substrates implicated with stress (Baker and Reichelt, 2016;Boitard et al, 2015;Kalyan-Masih et al, 2016;Ortolani et al, 2011;Reichelt et al, 2015;Sivanathan et al, 2015;Vega-Torres et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental regulation of fear memories by an obesogenic high-saturated fat/high-sugar diet

Vega-Torres

Reyes-Rivera

Figueroa

2019

Preprint

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Background: Anxiety and stress-related disorders are strongly linked with obesity and the consumption of obesogenic diets. Paralleling clinical findings, we showed that the consumption of an obesogenic diet during adolescence disrupts the structural integrity of amygdalar and prefrontal cortex circuits underlying emotional responses to stress. These abnormalities were associated with a PTSD-like phenotype, including heightened stress reactivity to predator odor trauma, anxietylike behaviors, and profound learning deficits. The present follow-up study investigates how an obesogenic diet alters aversion-related associative memories across adolescence. Methods: Adolescent Lewis rats were fed for eight weeks with an experimentalWestern-like high-saturated fat/high-sugar diet (WD, 41% kcal from fat) or a matched control diet (CD, 13% kcal from fat). Acoustic fear-potentiated startle (FPS) responses were assessed longitudinally at weeks 1, 4, and 8 after commencing the diets to determine the effects of the WD on cued fear conditioning, fear extinction learning, and fear extinction retention. Results:We found that the rats that consumed the WD exhibited substantial attenuation of fear extinction and fear extinction retention when remote memory was tested. One-week WD consumption was sufficient to induce impairments in fear extinction learning. This phenotype was associated with reduced dopamine receptor 1 mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, our reconditioning paradigm revealed that early-acquired fear memories were resistant to the disruptive effects of chronic WD consumption on cued fear learning. Vega-Torres et. al., 3Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that consumption of an obesogenic WD during adolescence heightens behavioral vulnerabilities associated with risk for anxiety and stress-related disorders. Given that fear extinction promotes resilience and that fear extinction principles are the foundation of psychological treatments for PTSD, understanding how obesity and obesogenic diets affect the acquisition and expression of fear extinction memories is of tremendous clinical relevance. HIGHLIGHTS• Acute WD consumption impairs cued fear extinction learning in a fearpotentiated startle paradigm.• WD consumption attenuates fear extinction memory retention • WD consumption during adolescence increases acoustic startle responsivity over time • Chronic WD consumption decreases dopamine receptor D1 mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder: A metabolic disorder in disguise?

Cited by 114 publications

References 181 publications

Trauma exposure and stress‐related disorders in African‐American women with diabetes mellitus

Trauma exposure and stress‐related disorders in African‐American women with diabetes mellitus

Early maturational emergence of adult-like emotional reactivity and anxiety after brief exposure to an obesogenic diet

Developmental regulation of fear memories by an obesogenic high-saturated fat/high-sugar diet

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