Posttraumatic stress disorder among female victims of sexual assault in China: prevalence and psychosocial factors

Sui, Shuang Ge; King, Mark; Li, Ling Sophia; Chen, Liu Yue; Zhang, Yan; Li, Ling Jiang

doi:10.1111/appy.12155

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Oriental culture is relatively conservative (60), and Chinese traditional culture emphasizes female chastity (61). Females victimized by child sexual abuse may internalize the social stigmatization of "victim of sexual abuse" and suffer from a burning sense of shame and self-denial (62). Besides, some female participants in our study may be reluctant to reveal their experiences of sexual abuse, which may lead to an underestimation of the association between sexual abuse and depressive symptoms among females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Associations Between Child Maltreatment and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese College Students: An Analysis of Sex Differences

et al. 2021

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Background: Depressive symptoms and child maltreatment are both global public health problems among young adults. This study aimed to investigate the associations between five types of child maltreatment and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students, with a focus on potential sex differences.Methods: A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of Chinese college students was conducted from March to June 2019 with a multistage, stratified cluster, random sampling method. In total, 30,179 college students from 60 colleges of 10 Chinese province-level regions completed standard questionnaires, including a history of child maltreatment and current depressive symptoms.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among college students in China was 7.3%. After adjusting for control variables, physical abuse (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–1.23), emotional abuse (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.19–1.23), sexual abuse (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.16–1.22), physical neglect (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.12–1.16) and emotional neglect (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.07–1.09) were all positively associated with depressive symptoms. Notably, a cumulative effect of child maltreatment on depressive symptoms among Chinese college students was observed. Moreover, sex differences in the associations of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and the number of maltreatment types with depressive symptoms were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Further stratification analyses showed that female students who experienced emotional abuse and emotional neglect had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than male students, and the cumulative effect of maltreatment types was stronger for females than males.Conclusion: Five types of child maltreatment and their co-occurrence were associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among college students. Furthermore, the effects of emotional abuse, emotional neglect and the number of maltreatment types on depressive symptoms were stronger for females than for males. These findings can promote understanding of the effects of child maltreatment on depressive symptoms, and prevention and intervention strategies for depressive symptoms should consider the type of child maltreatment and sex differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Associations Between Child Maltreatment and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese College Students: An Analysis of Sex Differences

et al. 2021

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“…A few studies have been conducted on Chinese populations with mixed findings noted. A study conducted in Mainland China found that one of seven female IPSV survivors suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Sui et al, 2014) and another noted that IPSV significantly predicted PTSD and depressive symptoms (Tiwari et al, 2014). However, Chan et al (2008) found no significant association between IPSV and suicidal ideation, self-harm and depression in his study of Chinese university students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Sexual Violence and Mental Health Indicators Among Chinese Emerging Adults

Wong

Choi

et al. 2019

J Interpers Violence

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Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) among emerging adults, including heterosexuals and sexual minorities in the Chinese population, is poorly understood. Focusing on college students, the objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of IPSV among Chinese emerging adults, examine the association between sexual orientation and IPSV, and evaluate the mental health and quality of life of survivors of IPSV. Data were collected from four university campuses in Hong Kong. A total of 1,015 participants were included in the data analysis. The prevalence of IPSV as identified by Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS)-2 was 12.1%. There was no gender difference in the prevalence of IPSV. Multiple logistic regression found that being older; having experienced childhood sexual abuse and having a smoking habit; and belonging to a sexual minority were factors associated with IPSV. Multiple linear regression found that IPSV survivors were more likely to have higher levels of anxiety and depression, more severe psychosomatic symptoms, and poorer quality of life in three domains: psychological, social relationships, and environment when compared with those without IPSV experience. The documented factors underscored the importance of awareness that men and sexual minorities might incur IPSV, which should receive more attention in IPSV prevention programs. Also, interventions for IPSV survivors should be targeted at improving their mental health and quality of life and sex education should place more emphasis on sexual consent and sexual health in dating relationships.

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“…A meta-analysis with mixed trauma samples indicated that 26.2% of subthreshold PTSD eventually develop into full PTSD [ 4 ]. The prevalence of PTSD including subthreshold PTSD in China is similar to that in other regions, ranging from 13.0% to 37.8% depending on different trauma types [ 5 , 6 ]. Considering the large population and limited resources for mental health, an easy and cost-efficient PTSD treatment is of urgent need.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Written exposure therapy and app-delivered mindfulness-based meditation for PTSD and subthreshold PTSD in China: Design of a randomized controlled trial

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications

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Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and subthreshold PTSD are still major global concerns, especially in developing areas short of mental health resources. Written exposure therapy (WET), a brief 5-session treatment, has been found to be effective in reducing PTSD symptoms, but no studies have examined it in an Eastern context. Mindfulness-based meditation mobile application may be a promising approach to reduce insomnia comorbid with PTSD. The current study aims to: 1) examine the effectiveness of WET for Chinese PTSD and subthreshold PTSD patients, and 2) examine the effectiveness of adding a mindfulness-based application (MBA) to WET for reducing comorbid insomnia. Methods The randomized controlled trial will enroll 150 adults with subthreshold/full PTSD and comorbid insomnia. Participants will be randomly assigned to written exposure therapy plus mindfulness-based application condition (WET + MBA, n = 50), written exposure therapy alone (WET, n = 50), or minimal contact control (MMC, n = 50). Clinical interview of the primary outcome (PTSD symptoms) will be administrated at baseline, posttreatment, 3- and 6- month follow-up, while self-reported PTSD symptoms and secondary outcomes (insomnia severity) will be administrated at baseline, every week and all follow-ups. Discussion This is the first study applying WET in Chinese PTSD patients, as well as examining a mindfulness-based mobile application as a treatment add-on for comorbid insomnia. Study findings will contribute to the knowledge of the effectiveness of WET and a mindfulness-based mobile application, and the development of a culture-adapted treatment protocol. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000034119. Registered 24 June 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=55,467 .

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Posttraumatic stress disorder among female victims of sexual assault in China: prevalence and psychosocial factors

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

Associations Between Child Maltreatment and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese College Students: An Analysis of Sex Differences

Associations Between Child Maltreatment and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese College Students: An Analysis of Sex Differences

Intimate Partner Sexual Violence and Mental Health Indicators Among Chinese Emerging Adults

Written exposure therapy and app-delivered mindfulness-based meditation for PTSD and subthreshold PTSD in China: Design of a randomized controlled trial

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