Posttraumatic stress disorder and cigarette smoking: A systematic review

Kearns, Nathan T.; Carl, Emily; Stein, Aliza T.; Vujanovic, Anka A.; Zvolensky, Michael J.; Smits, Jasper A.J.; Powers, Mark B.

doi:10.1002/da.22828

Cited by 64 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…As mentioned, the current study found that smoking was associated with PTSD. This finding is similar to Kearns et al's finding,28 who indicated that individuals with PTSD were approximately twice as likely to be current smokers and the study of VanderVeen et al (2012)29 found that smoking relapse was associated with occupational stress among firefighters in North America. With respect to occupational characteristics, our study showed that the duration of work was associated with PTSD, while occupational injuries were not associated with PTSD, which is inconsistent with Katsavouni et al;30 their study suggested that work-related injuries (WRIs) were associated with PTSD among Greek firefighters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

<p>Posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep quality among urban firefighters in Thailand</p>

Khumtong¹,

Taneepanichskul²

2019

NSS

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Background Urban fireﬁghters are at risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because of their occupational exposure to trauma events. Little is known, however, about the effects of exposure to trauma events on sleep quality among firefighters in Thailand. Purpose The objective of this study was to find an assocaition between PTSD and sleep quality among firefighters. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among active male firefighters in Bangkok. Participants completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Civilian Version (PCL-C-THAI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-THAI) questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results A total of 1215 firefighters participated, of which 78 (6.4%) met the suggested PCL cut-point criteria for civilians (PCL-C scores >44). In addition, 596 (49.1%) had poor sleep quality (PSQI >5). PTSD firefighters had increased 6.49 fold odds of poorer sleep quality (AOR =6.49, 95% CI 3.13–13.44). Conclusion Firefighters with PTSD had a significantly higher probability of experiencing poor sleep quality than those without. In response, a psychological health intervention may be needed to enhance the firefighters’ health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

<p>Posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep quality among urban firefighters in Thailand</p>

Khumtong¹,

Taneepanichskul²

2019

NSS

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“…Methodologies for such analyses have been developed (e.g., Mendelian Randomization (Emdin et al, 2017) and latent causal variable (LCV) modeling (O'Connor and Price, 2018)), and we intend to apply these techniques to the large MVP dataset to further elucidate causal risk factors for PTSD and related conditions. PTSD is frequently associated with other mental health problems such as major depressive disorder (Stander et al, 2014), nicotine (Kearns et al, 2018) and alcohol (Vujanovic et al, 2019) abuse, and suicidality (Nock et al, 2009;Ramsawh et al, 2014) and with other adverse health sequelae such as obesity (Kubzansky et al, 2014) cardiovascular disease (Koenen et al, 2016), dementia (Cohen et al, 2013), type 2 diabetes (Roberts et al, 2015) and other immune-related disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (O'Donovan et al, 2014) and hypothyroidism (Jung et al, 2018). Our PheWAS yielded a significant association between hypothyroidism in MVP with rs542933551 (in PLEKHM1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Characterization of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large US Military Veteran Sample

Stein

Levey

Cheng

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Individuals vary in their liability to develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the symptoms of which are highly heterogeneous, following exposure to life-threatening trauma. Understanding genetic factors that contribute to the biology of PTSD is critical for refining diagnosis and developing new treatments. Using genetic data from more than 250,000 participants in the Million Veteran Program, genomewide association analyses were conducted using a validated electronic health record-based algorithmically-defined PTSD diagnosis phenotype (48,221 cases and 217,223 controls), and PTSD quantitative symptom phenotypes (212,007 individuals). We identified several genome-wide significant loci in the case-control analyses, and numerous such loci in the quantitative trait analyses, including some (e.g., MAD1L1; TCF4; CRHR1) that were associated with multiple symptom sub-domains and total symptom score, and others that were more specific to certain symptom sub-domains (e.g., CAMKV to reexperiencing; SOX6 to hyperarousal). Genetic correlations between all pairs of symptom sub-domains and their total were very high (rg 0.93 -0.98) supporting validity of the PTSD diagnostic construct. We also demonstrate strong shared heritability with a range of traits, show that heritability persists when conditioned on other major psychiatric disorders, present independent replication results, provide support for one of the implicated genes in postmortem brain of individuals with PTSD, and use this information to identify potential drug repositioning candidates. These results point to the utility of genetics to inform and validate the biological coherence of the PTSD syndrome despite considerable heterogeneity at the symptom level, and to provide new directions for treatment development.

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“…Some studies found a probable relationship between tobacco use and mental illness, including anxiety and depression in adults. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 In a systematic review, Kearns et al 8 found that:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use and associated mental symptoms and health risk behaviours amongst individuals 15 years or older in South Africa

Peltzer

Pengpid

2020

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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Background Tobacco use may deteriorate mental health and increase health risk behaviours. Aim The aim of this investigation was to identify associations between tobacco use and mental illness symptoms and health risk behaviours in individuals 15 years or older in South Africa. Setting Community-based national population sample in South Africa. Methods Cross-sectional data were analysed from the ‘South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) 2012’, using a sample of 15 310 individuals 15 years or older (median age 33 years). Measures included information on tobacco use, sociodemographic factors, mental symptoms and health risk behaviour. Results Compared to non-tobacco users, daily tobacco users were associated with psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adjusted logistic regression analysis, and with sleeping problems in unadjusted analysis. Past tobacco use, less than daily, and daily tobacco use were highly associated with a drinking problem. In terms of dietary variables, less than daily and daily tobacco use increased the odds of inadequate fruit intake and salty food intake, and daily tobacco use decreased the odds of fast food consumption. Past tobacco use, less than daily, and daily tobacco use were inversely associated with physical inactivity, and daily tobacco use was associated with not always washing hands before eating. Conclusions The study showed that compared to non-tobacco users, daily tobacco users had significantly poorer mental health (psychological distress and PTSD) and increased odds for several health risk behaviours (drinking problem, inadequate fruit intake, salty food consumption and not always washing hands before eating) as compared to non-tobacco users.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder and cigarette smoking: A systematic review

Cited by 64 publications

References 115 publications

<p>Posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep quality among urban firefighters in Thailand</p>

<p>Posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep quality among urban firefighters in Thailand</p>

Genomic Characterization of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large US Military Veteran Sample

Tobacco use and associated mental symptoms and health risk behaviours amongst individuals 15 years or older in South Africa

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