Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms After Potentially Traumatic Events

Abstract

People exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) may develop distinct symptom patterns, which may require different therapeutic approaches. We aimed to identify classes of people exposed to PTEs based on presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clusters, anxiety, and depression and to explore which cognitive factors (rumination, worry and negative cognitions) are associated with class membership. Latent class analyses were conducted to identify subgroups of 258 PTE-exposed Spanish adults. A three-class solution emerged: a resilient class with low odds of all symptoms (n = 188), a partial PTSD class, characterized by partial PTSD clusters, moderate anxiety, and low depression (n = 36), and a high symptom class, characterized by high PTSD, moderate anxiety, and low depression (n = 34). These classes related meaningfully to rumination, worry, and negative cognitions. Distinct symptom patterns of PTSD clusters, anxiety, and depression can be distinguished in people exposed to PTEs and relate to cognitive risk-factors of psychopathology.

Respostas do estresse pós-traumático entre estudantes do ensino superior durante o contexto pandêmico

“…Um outro estudo, realizado com 258 espanhóis que haviam vivenciado alguma situação traumática ao longo da vida, demonstrou que 73% dos participantes obteve uma pontuação moderada nos itens que avaliavam a presença de sintomas intrusivos (Marqueses et al, 2023). Ambos os achados ratificam a associação dessas manifestações ao TEPT e ressaltam a importância da avaliação desses elementos por instrumentos que se propõem a avaliar a existência do transtorno, como a PCL-5.…”