Posttraumatic stress disorder in children after the military operation "Anfal" in Iraqi Kurdistan

Ahmad, Abdulbaghi; Sofi, M. A.; Sundelin-Wahlsten, Viveka; Knorring, A.-L. von

doi:10.1007/s007870070026

Cited by 99 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…For example, Carrion et al [2002] found that children who met subthreshold criteria did not differ significantly from children meeting all three cluster criteria. Some researchers found a highfunctioning level among traumatized children in spite of PTSD [Ahmad et al, 2000;Sack et al, 1995], thus suggesting this might be a characteristic of childhood PTSD, supporting the necessity of child-specific criteria for this disorder.…”

Section: Ptsd In Children Diagnostic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Psychosocial treatment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: the neglected field of single-incident trauma

Adler-Nevo

Manassis

2005

Depress. Anxiety

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Despite the prevalence of childhood trauma, studies regarding psychotherapy for children suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are scarce, especially regarding the treatment for pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. Treatment practices for this population rely mainly on the paradigms of therapy for adult PTSD and pediatric PTSD following sexual abuse. This review outlines the studies published in the last 10 years pertaining to the treatment of pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. This is done in the context of available literature on the paradigms mentioned above. Of 742 articles dealing with treatment of pediatric trauma, 10 were found relevant to the treatment of pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. The modalities of treatment most frequently reported in this context were cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and play therapy. As a whole, CBT studies were methodologically more rigorous, used manualized, reproducible treatment, and were group, school-based therapies. EMDR treatments were usually short and individual. Most studies showed statistically significant improvement but were still methodologically lacking. We conclude that research on the subject of treatment for pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma constitutes a neglected part of the study of pediatric PTSD. This stands in contrast to the obvious prevalence of this type of trauma. We encourage future research that will address issues such as clarifying the role of pharmacotherapy, comparing different modes of treatment, dismantling treatment "packages," researching developmentally sensitive treatments, conducting long-term follow-up, and comparing different PTSD populations.

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Section: Ptsd In Children Diagnostic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Psychosocial treatment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: the neglected field of single-incident trauma

Adler-Nevo

Manassis

2005

Depress. Anxiety

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“…High rates of PTSD have been found in studies of children living in conflict areas [19,30,35]. Similar to patterns in adults [6] chronic post-trauma symptoms persist in a substantial sub-group of children and can severely interfere with functioning [20,50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In terms of pre-trauma factors, there have been contradictory findings from studies in relation to age [23,[29][30][31]. Trickey and colleagues [5] reported that younger age is largely unrelated to whether a young person develops PTSD but moderator analysis discovered that there was a statistically significant stronger relationship when the trauma was unintentional although the population effect size remained non-significant regardless of whether the trauma was intentional or non-intentional.…”

Section: The Omagh Bombingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A School Based Study of Psychological Disturbance in Children Following the Omagh Bomb

McDermott¹,

Duffy²,

Percy³

et al. 2015

Holistic Perspectives on Trauma

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Objective: To assess the extent and nature of psychiatric morbidity among children (aged 8 to 13 years) 15 months after a car bomb explosion in the town of Omagh, Northern Ireland.Method: A survey was conducted of 1945 school children attending 13 schools in the Omagh district. Questionnaires included demographic details, measures of exposure, the Horowitz Impact of Events Scale, the Birleson Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale.Results: Children directly exposed to the bomb reported higher levels of probable PTSD (70%), and psychological distress than those not exposed. Direct exposure was more closely associated with an increase in PTSD symptoms than in general psychiatric distress. Significant predictors of increased IES scores included being male, witnessing people injured and reporting a perceived life threat but when co-morbid anxiety and depression are included as potential predictors anxiety remains the only significant predictor of PTSD scores. Conclusions:School-based studies are a potentially valuable means of screening and assessing for PTSD in children after large-scale tragedies. Assessment should consider type of exposure, perceived life threat and other co-morbid anxiety as risk factors for PTSD.

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“…The majority of studies that have been done have addressed eastern European populations, particularly Bosnians. Studies of refugee children conducted outside the war zone are most common [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, assessments have also been conducted in war zones including Bosnia [22][23][24], Kosovo [25], Croatia [26], and Iraq [27].…”

Section: Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s mental health after disasters: The impact of the world trade center attack

Hoven

Duarte²,

Mandell³

2003

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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This paper summarizes the results of systematic studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 1999 to 2002 addressing post-traumatic stress reactions in children after mass disasters. Children's post-traumatic reactions are considered in five different contexts--natural disasters, large-scale human-induced accidents, spree shootings, war, and terrorism. Association of these reactions with gender and age, as well as longitudinal course, is addressed. Other post-traumatic reactions in children after a mass disaster, as well as the comorbidity of these with stress reactions, are reported. With this as background, the most relevant epidemiologic investigations conducted after the World Trade Center attacks are then described. It is expected that new knowledge in the area of children's post-traumatic reactions to disasters will result from the research initiatives launched after September 11, 2001.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder in children after the military operation "Anfal" in Iraqi Kurdistan

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

Psychosocial treatment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: the neglected field of single-incident trauma

Psychosocial treatment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: the neglected field of single-incident trauma

A School Based Study of Psychological Disturbance in Children Following the Omagh Bomb

Children’s mental health after disasters: The impact of the world trade center attack

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