Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Elite Athletes

Lynch, James H.

doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000918

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Meanwhile, athletes live in conditions of high-intensity exercise and pressure in both training and competition, making it harder to recognise the specific symptoms of stress disorder related to sports injuries. Therefore, the self-reported scale cannot be used as the evidence or instrument in diagnosis, and clinical experience from practitioners is vital in ameliorating this problem [ 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if the symptoms require pharmacological treatment, a combination of drugs can also be used. For instance, some medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) can be prescribed to relieve symptoms related to stress disorders, and are allowed to be used by WADC and sports federations [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sports injury and stressor-related disorder in competitive athletes: a systematic review and a new framework

Yang

Cheng

2022

Burns &Amp; Trauma

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Background For professional athletes, sports injury has been considered one of the most influential factors determining their athletic careers' duration and quality. High-intensity training and competitiveness of the sports competition are perhaps critical causes of sports-related stress. This article reviews the relevant research on sports injuries and stressor-related disorders. Further, it explores the following three issues in depth: (1) Do physical injuries caused by competitive sports lead to acute or posttraumatic stress disorder for athletes? What are the abnormal stress responses? (2) What diagnoses are currently available for sports injury related traumatic stress disorder? (3) What kinds of psychological rehabilitation are available for trauma-related symptoms in sports injury? How efficient are they in alleviating these symptoms? Methods The study searched electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, etc. And reference lists of included papers were also screened. Two researchers selected the literature strictly according to the inclusion criteria and sorted them out. Based on the proved conclusions, the study established a new framework to manage traumatic stress disorders after the injury occurred. Results 16 articles were included in the study. (Q1: N = 10; Q2: N = 3; Q3: N = 3 ) The findings of this review suggested that athletes who suffer from sports injuries are more likely to experience abnormal physiological or psychological stress responses, which may become a massive challenge for athletes to continue their sports careers at a competitive level. However, there is a minimal understanding of addressing sports injury-related traumatic stress disorder from a biological perspective. Thus, it is challenging to build a scientific basis for diagnosis, screening, and treatment. In addition, the current diagnostic tool for athletes stress disorder still heavily relies on subjective measurement, and the treatment plan is not different from that of the general population. Conclusions It highlighted that sports-related stress disorder could be the greatest challenge to return to competition for injured athletes. The present study indicated the importance of systematically identifying the symptoms of sports-related stress disorder and improving the current diagnosis and treatment system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports injury and stressor-related disorder in competitive athletes: a systematic review and a new framework

Yang

Cheng

2022

Burns &Amp; Trauma

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“…1 in 3 veterans around the world faces PTSD ( Worrier WOD, 2022 ). It effects approximately 3.5 % of the American population every year ( Lynch, 2021 ). 1 in 11 people suffer it throughout their lifetime and female is twice than male to experience it ( Torres, 2020 ) because less or no income in households might impact this perspective (Kumar et al., 2007 as cited in Pillai et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussion: Possible Solutions For Athletes’ Twisties Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mental health awareness related to mental disorders and symptoms amongst athletes has received huge attention and has become a growing public concern nowadays ( Gorczynski et al., 2020 ; Muir and Munroe-Chandler, 2020 ; Schinke et al., 2021 ). Athletes also experience mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms like general people ( Poucher et al., 2021 ) because it can occur in all trauma experienced people at any age ( Lynch, 2021 ). PTSD is the state of mental health provoked by a serious event ( Bender et al., 2020 ; Dickinson, 2020 ; Hébert and Amédée, 2020 ; Kim and Choi, 2020 ).…”

Section: Analysis: Input and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploration of the antecedents and mechanisms causing athletes’ stress and twisties symptom

Yu¹,

Chang²,

Shih³

2022

Heliyon

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“…There are notable similarities between emergency services personnel and elite athletes, where both occupations: (1) are performance-based; (2) experience high expectations, pressure, and stress; and (3) are required to have psychological resilience and effective coping mechanisms ( Bicalho and Costa, 2018 ; Doyle et al, 2021 ). Furthermore, research outlines that both occupations experience significant mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, burnout, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and these conditions directly interfere with their ability to perform and execute their occupational responsibilities ( Rice et al, 2016 ; Regehr and LeBlanc, 2017 ; Shin and Kong, 2017 ; Klimley et al, 2018 ; Aron et al, 2019 ; Daumiller et al, 2021 ; Lynch, 2021 ). For these reasons, the following research: (1) explored the experiences of emergency services personnel; (2) characterised connections between emotional awareness and resilience; and (3) reflected on the ways these findings can be extrapolated to elite athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustaining optimal performance when the stakes could not be higher: Emotional awareness and resilience in emergency service personnel (with learnings for elite sport)

Jacobs

Keegan

2022

Front. Psychol.

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Emergency services personnel are a high stress occupation, being frequently confronted with highly consequential stressors and expected to perform: without fault; under high pressure; and in unpredictable circumstances. Research often invokes similarities between the experiences of emergency services personnel and elite athletes, opening up the possibility of transferring learnings between these contexts. Both roles involve genuine risks to emotional wellbeing because their occupations involve significant stress. Similarly, both roles face obstacles and injury, and their “success” is dependent on high-quality execution of their skills under pressure. As such, both occupations are required to have resilience and effective coping abilities to ensure psychological well-being. Researchers suggest emotional awareness may be a key variable in the management and maintenance of resilience. This study: (1) explored the experiences of emergency services personnel; (2) characterised connections between emotional awareness and resilience; and (3) reflected on the ways these findings can be extrapolated to elite athletes. We analysed 11 interviews with emergency services personnel. Participants identified resilience as crucial when coping with stress, however, many defined resilience as remaining unaffected by stress rather than, for example, managing and responding to it. Participants defined emotional awareness as understanding their emotions, and they recognised associated benefits for coping, resilience, and burnout. Nevertheless, most participants did not engage in practices to improve their emotional awareness. Barriers, such as maladaptive beliefs and help-seeking stigma, interfered with participants’ ability to cultivate emotional awareness, to promote resilience. In contrast, some participants described profound improvements in resilience and coping following the cultivation of emotional awareness. This finding illustrates that systemic change must target the individual, team, and organisation to correct misperceptions about resilience, emotional awareness, and psychological help-seeking. Developing emotional awareness may help emergency services personnel and other high stress occupations like elite athletes process difficult experiences and enhance their resilience, promoting well-being, and career longevity.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Elite Athletes

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Sports injury and stressor-related disorder in competitive athletes: a systematic review and a new framework

Sports injury and stressor-related disorder in competitive athletes: a systematic review and a new framework

An exploration of the antecedents and mechanisms causing athletes’ stress and twisties symptom

Sustaining optimal performance when the stakes could not be higher: Emotional awareness and resilience in emergency service personnel (with learnings for elite sport)

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