2012
DOI: 10.1177/0886260512455511
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

Abstract: Sexual assault occurring when the victim is unable to consent or resist due to the use or administration of alcohol or drugs (i.e., incapacitated/drug-or-alcohol facilitated rape; IR/DAFR) is a particularly prevalent form of victimization experienced by college women. By definition, substance use precedes IR/DAFR; however, few studies have examined other potential risk factors for IR/DAFR that may be unique from those associated with forcible rape (FR; i.e., sexual assault occurring due to threats or physical … Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(7 citation statements)
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References 43 publications
(59 reference statements)
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“…Most had some college education (41% college degree or higher, 44% some college education and 15% high school education or less). The demographic differences in this community sample appear similar to previous studies that found higher rates of alcohol-involved assaults among White, college-aged women (Gross et al, 2006; Krebs et al, 2009; Walsh, et al, 2013). However, most studies have examined alcohol involved assaults in college-aged students, whereas this community sample is older and more diverse in terms of education.…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 85%
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“…Most had some college education (41% college degree or higher, 44% some college education and 15% high school education or less). The demographic differences in this community sample appear similar to previous studies that found higher rates of alcohol-involved assaults among White, college-aged women (Gross et al, 2006; Krebs et al, 2009; Walsh, et al, 2013). However, most studies have examined alcohol involved assaults in college-aged students, whereas this community sample is older and more diverse in terms of education.…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 85%
“…Alcohol-involved assaults appear more common among White, college-aged women (Gross, Winslett, Roberts, & Gohm, 2006; Krebs, Lindquist, Warner, Fisher, & Martin, 2009; Walsh, DiLillo, Klanecky, & McChargue, 2013). In a study across 119 colleges, 72% of female survivors reported intoxication during assault (Mohler-Kuo, Dowdall, Koss, & Wechsler, 2004).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Both childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adolescent/adult interpersonal violence can affect psychological functioning, beliefs about sexual behavior, coping strategies, health, and economic well-being (Cloitre & Rosenberg, 2006; Messman-Moore, Long, & Siegfried, 2000; Orcutt, Cooper, & Garcia, 2005; Ullman, Najdowski, & Filipas, 2009; Ullman, Peter-Hagene, & Relyea, 2014; Walsh, DiLillo, Klanecky, & Mcchargue, 2013), which can in turn increase risk of assault. Alternatively, previous assaults and revictimization may share common causes, such as social contexts that tolerate interpersonal violence.…”
Section: Ontogenic Factorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is well known that earlier sexual assault predicts future sexual assault [4, 1415]. Furthermore, mental health symptoms (e.g., depression) and health risk behaviors (e.g., alcohol use) can be both sequelae and predictors of sexual assault [1618]. Because studies implementing a cross-sectional design or examining mental health only after an assault has occurred cannot clarify the unique impact of a recent sexual assault on mental health, prospective designs with appropriate controls are essential.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%