Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Trajectories Among Children Exposed to Violence

Miller‐Graff, Laura E.; Howell, Kathryn H.

doi:10.1002/jts.21989

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although most adolescents are resilient to childhood trauma, some develop difficult behavioral symptoms complexes 108 . Indeed, treatment research suggests that reduction of PTSD symptoms may precipitate improvements in substance use behaviors 109,110 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD, cyberbullying and peer violence: prevalence and correlates among adolescent emergency department patients

Ranney

Pateña

Nugent

et al. 2016

General Hospital Psychiatry

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Objective Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is often underdiagnosed and undertreated among adolescents. The objective of this analysis was to describe the prevalence and correlates of symptoms consistent with PTSD among adolescents presenting to an urban emergency department (ED). Method A cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 13–17 presenting to the ED for any reason was conducted between August 2013 and March 2014. Validated self-report measures were used to measure mental health symptoms, violence exposure, and risky behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine adjusted differences in associations between symptoms consistent with PTSD, and predicted correlates. Results Of 353 adolescents, 23.2% reported current symptoms consistent with PTSD, 13.9% had moderate or higher depressive symptoms, and 11.3% reported past-year suicidal ideation. Adolescents commonly reported physical peer violence (46.5%), cyberbullying (46.7%), and exposure to community violence (58.9%). On multivariate logistic regression, physical peer violence, cyberbullying victimization, exposure to community violence, female gender, and alcohol or other drug use positively correlated with symptoms consistent with PTSD. Conclusions Among adolescents presenting to the ED for any reason, symptoms consistent with PTSD PTSD, depressive symptoms, physical peer violence, cyberbullying, and community violence exposure are common and inter-related. Greater attention to PTSD, both the disorder and symptom level, and its co-occurring risk factors is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD, cyberbullying and peer violence: prevalence and correlates among adolescent emergency department patients

Ranney

Pateña

Nugent

et al. 2016

General Hospital Psychiatry

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show abstract

“…Victims have an increased risk for cardiovascular and oncologic disorders [ 7 ], addiction and mental illnesses [ 28 ] as well as social problems such as criminal behavior in adulthood [ 16 ]. Often, affected individuals suffer from posttraumatic stress symptoms [ 24 ]. Stress and learned helplessness can change brain activity and consequently aggravate or induce PTSD [ 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence against children and adolescents by nursing staff: prevalence rates and implications for practice

Hoffmann

Clemens

König

et al. 2020

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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Background International studies show that child maltreatment is a widespread but often underestimated problem that causes high individual, social and economic costs. Child maltreatment is an important topic for the medical sector as well. On the one hand, affected persons often seek support and help from healthcare professionals, but on the other hand, assaults can also occur in medical institutions by healthcare professionals. Surprisingly, there is hardly any data on the frequency of child maltreatment by healthcare professionals in general and particularly by nursing staff. Methods Therefore, in a large representative survey of the German population of 2,516 subjects aged between 14 and 91, the experience of child maltreatment in medical institutions by nursing staff was assessed retrospectively. Results Of the 46 subjects who had an inpatient stay in a child and adolescent psychiatry before the age of 18, 33.3% reported to have experienced maltreatment by nursing staff, while 17.3% of the 474 persons who had an inpatient stay in general or pediatric hospitals experienced maltreatment by nursing staff. All forms of maltreatment were significantly more frequent in psychiatric compared to general and pediatric hospitals. Conclusions The results of our representative retrospective survey demonstrate that maltreatment by nursing staff are not rare individual cases, but that medical facilities bear systemic risks for assault. Therefore, it is necessary that all medical institutions, in particular psychiatric hospitals, address this issue. In order to reduce the risk for assaults, it is important not only to implement structural measures but also to develop an attitude that emphasizes zero tolerance for violence against children and adolescents.

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“…These relationships were explained by the stressvulnerability model (Zubin & Spring, 1977), in which adversity in childhood is associated with psychopathology later in life (Gates et al, 2012;LeardMann, Smith, & Ryan, 2010;Miller-Graff & Howell, 2015). Negative psychosocial experiences in early life increase an individual's intrinsic vulnerability to psychiatric problems, as shown in a large prospective study of a US military cohort (Smith et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience Mediates Impact of Some Childhood Maltreatment on Post‐Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Conscripted Marines in the Republic of Korea

Kim

Kong

2016

Research in Nursing & Health

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Although it is known that post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) can result from military service, the variance in PTSS unexplained by military service warrants further investigation, and no researchers have investigated South Korean Marines' vulnerability during their 2-year conscripted service as the first line of national defense against threats from North Korea. This study was designed to examine whether resilience mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and PTSS in 169 Korean conscripts into the Marine Corps. In a cross-sectional study design, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form was used to measure childhood maltreatment, including abuse and neglect. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to measure PTSS and resilience. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Half the conscripts reported at least one type of childhood maltreatment, and 22.3% had high PTSS, even in a short period of service. Childhood abuse was significantly associated with PTSS during military service, a relationship that was not mediated by resilience. However, resilience mediated the relationship between childhood neglect and PTSS during military service. Assessment of childhood maltreatment and resilience prior to military service is crucial for identifying conscripts at increased risk for PTSS during even brief military service. In addition to direct interventions for abuse effects among all Marines, interventions enhancing resilience may benefit conscripts who experienced childhood neglect. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Trajectories Among Children Exposed to Violence

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

PTSD, cyberbullying and peer violence: prevalence and correlates among adolescent emergency department patients

PTSD, cyberbullying and peer violence: prevalence and correlates among adolescent emergency department patients

Violence against children and adolescents by nursing staff: prevalence rates and implications for practice

Resilience Mediates Impact of Some Childhood Maltreatment on Post‐Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Conscripted Marines in the Republic of Korea

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