Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and its Association with Rumination, Thought Suppression and Experiential Avoidance: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Miethe, Sandra; Wigger, Janna; Wartemann, Annika; Fuchs, Fée Ona; Trautmann, Sebastian

doi:10.1007/s10862-023-10022-2

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…rumination, experiential avoidance, thought suppression) to down-regulate the experience of negative social-affective responses. Such avoidant strategies, however, are related to higher levels of internalizing and distress-related psychopathology, such as symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety (40,41). Another explanation could be that, in the present study, social alienation was particularly relevant for psychopathology, and individuals in the moderate-risk and in the high-risk group differed little in the likelihood with which they reported social alienation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure and their relation to psychopathology

Thomas

Schäfer

Kanske

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction: Traumatic event exposure is an important risk factor for the development and maintenance of psychopathology. Social-affective responses to trauma exposure (e.g. shame, guilt, revenge, social alienation) could moderate this relationship, but little is known about their relevance for different types of psychopathology. Moreover, the interplay of different social-affective responses in predicting psychopathology is poorly understood. Methods: In a sample of N=1321 trauma-exposed German soldiers, we examined cross-sectional associations of trauma-related social alienation, revenge, guilt and shame with both categorical (depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder) and dimensional (depression, anxiety) measures of psychopathology. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify possible patterns of trauma-related social-affective responses, and their relation to psychopathology. Results: All trauma-related social-affective responses predicted the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Three latent classes were identified that fitted the data best, reflecting groups with (1) low, (2) moderate and (3) high risk for social-affective responses. The low-risk group demonstrated the lowest expressions on all psychopathology measures. Compared to the moderate-risk group, the high-risk group demonstrated no increased psychopathology. Conclusions: Trauma-related social alienation, shame, guilt, and revenge are characteristic of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, as well as with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. There was little evidence for distinctive patterns of social-affective responses despite variation in the overall proneness to show trauma-related social-affective responses. Trauma-related social-affective responses could represent promising treatment targets which might be included in both cognitive and emotion-focused interventions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure and their relation to psychopathology

Thomas

Schäfer

Kanske

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…rumination, experiential avoidance, thought suppression) to down-regulate the experience of negative social-affective responses to trauma exposure. Such avoidant strategies, however, are related to higher levels of internalizing and distress-related psychopathology, such as symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety [ 48 , 49 ]. Another explanation could be that, in the present study, trauma-related social alienation was particularly relevant for psychopathology, and individuals in the moderate-risk and in the high-risk group differed little in the likelihood with which they reported trauma-related social alienation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure and their relation to psychopathology

Thomas,

Schäfer,

Kanske

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Traumatic event exposure is a risk factor for the development and maintenance of psychopathology. Social-affective responses to trauma exposure (e.g. shame, guilt, revenge, social alienation) could moderate this relationship, but little is known about their relevance for different types of psychopathology. Moreover, the interplay of different social-affective responses to trauma exposure in predicting psychopathology is poorly understood. Methods In a sample of N = 1321 trauma-exposed German soldiers, we examined cross-sectional associations of trauma-related social alienation, revenge, guilt and shame with depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and dimensional measures of depression and anxiety. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify possible patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure, and their relation to psychopathology. Results All social-affective responses to trauma exposure predicted current posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Three latent classes fitted the data best, reflecting groups with (1) low, (2) moderate and (3) high risk for social-affective responses to trauma exposure. The low-risk group demonstrated the lowest expressions on all psychopathology measures. Conclusions Trauma-related social alienation, shame, guilt, and revenge are characteristic of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, and with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. There was little evidence for distinctive patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure despite variation in the overall proneness to show social-affective responses. Social-affective responses to trauma exposure could represent promising treatment targets for both cognitive and emotion-focused interventions.

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“…Awareness of one's emotions, emotional clarity, acceptance of one's sensations, and the ability to solve emotional problems are all strategies that can help cope with the mechanisms underlying eating disorders. On the other hand, maladaptive strategies such as emotional avoidance and suppression of emotions can contribute to the maintenance of symptoms and complicate the healing process [38]. Instead of facing their emotions and trying to understand them, those suffering from eating disorders tend to avoid or repress them, increasing the risk of relapses and worsening psychological conditions.…”

Section: Emotion Regulation and Eating Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Night Eating Syndrome: A Review of Etiology, Assessment, and Suggestions for Clinical Treatment

Bargagna,

Casu

2024

Psychiatry International

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Night Eating Syndrome (NES) is a distinct eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of night eating, either through excessive food consumption after the evening meal or eating after awakening from sleep. Despite its recognition, there remains a dearth of research on NES, limiting our understanding of its etiology, prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment. This paper conducts a narrative review spanning a wide spectrum of studies focusing on the etiology, assessment, and clinical treatment strategies of NES. This review traces the historical evolution of NES definitions, distinguishes NES from obesity-related eating behaviors and other eating disorders, explores the psychological determinants of NES, and discusses existing therapeutic options. This review highlights the complex etiology of NES, influenced by circadian rhythms, hormonal changes, psychological distress, and personality traits. It emphasizes the need for reliable assessment tools and a holistic approach to treatment, considering the high comorbidity of NES with other psychiatric and medical conditions. Current treatment options, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy, show promise but require further research for refinement. NES remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, with challenges including unclear diagnostic criteria, comorbidities, and lack of evidence-based treatments. Future research should focus on developing reliable assessment tools, exploring etiology, comparing treatment approaches, and considering prevention strategies, utilizing diverse and representative samples to advance our understanding and improve clinical care.

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Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and its Association with Rumination, Thought Suppression and Experiential Avoidance: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 123 publications

Patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure and their relation to psychopathology

Patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure and their relation to psychopathology

Patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure and their relation to psychopathology

Night Eating Syndrome: A Review of Etiology, Assessment, and Suggestions for Clinical Treatment

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