Postural abnormalities in Asian and Caucasian Parkinson's disease patients: A multicenter study

Predictors and Pathophysiology of Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinsonism: A Scoping Review

“…Overall, camptocormia (or mild forms) was present in 973 patients, Pisa syndrome (or mild forms) in 462, antecollis (or mild forms) in 149, and retrocollis in 21. The study designs were various: 14 were observational cross‐sectional studies, 1,5,16,19,23–26,29,30,33–36 one study was retrospective, 17 three studies were prospective, 18,21,31 four were case–control, 20,22,27,28 and one was case series 32 …”

“…The majority of studies on clinical predictors of axial postural abnormalities in parkinsonism involved cohorts of PD patients (21 studies) 1,5,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] or MSA patients (two studies). 35,36 The total number of PD patients was 11,609 and the total number of MSA patients was 1448.…”

“…The major limitations were pitfalls in study design, small sample size, diverse diagnostic criteria to define axial postural abnormalities, and variety of measurement methods. A goniometer, wall goniometer, smartphone, or photographs were used in 14 studies, 1,5,[18][19][20][21][25][26][27][28]30,33,34,36 software-based measurement using Kinovea ® in one study, 16 and the Cobb angle in one study. 23 Seven studies reported no use of instruments, tools, or bony reference points in the evaluation of axial postural abnormalities.…”

“…Overall, camptocormia (or mild forms) was present in 973 patients, Pisa syndrome (or mild forms) in 462, antecollis (or mild forms) in 149, and retrocollis in 21. The study designs were various: 14 were observational crosssectional studies, 1,5,16,19,[23][24][25][26]29,30,[33][34][35][36] one study was retrospective, 17 three studies were prospective, 18,21,31 four were case-control, 20,22,27,28 and one was case series. 32 The clinical predictors for axial postural abnormalities varied and in the analyses were either unadjusted or adjusted for confounding variables (Supplementary Table S1).…”

Effect of istradefylline on postural abnormalities in patients with Parkinson's disease: An association study of baseline postural angle measurements with changes in Unified Dystonia Rating Scale total score

“…Parkinson's disease (PD) is often accompanied by postural abnormalities (PAs), such as anterior and lateral flexion of the thoracolumbar spine and antecollis, in approximately 20% of patients [ 1 , 2 ]. Compared with European patients with PD, Asian patients tend to develop PAs, particularly antecollis, earlier in the disease course [ 3 ]. Additionally, camptocormia is a critical disability in patients with PD, commonly observed in the advanced stage [ 4 ].…”