Postural instability enhances motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans

Солопова, И. А.; Kazennikov, O. V.; Deniskina, N.; Levik, Yu. S.; Ivanenko, Yuri P.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01297-1

Cited by 100 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, if two tasks are concurrently conducted, with the primary task comprising postural control and the secondary task cognitive or motor information processing, a decrement in performance of one or both tasks can be observed due to the brain's limited information processing capacity ('central overload') [38] . Less resources are required for relatively undemanding postural tasks such as sitting or standing on stable surfaces, whereas attentional demands are increased when individuals are walking [39,40] . The most com- monly used explanation for posture-cognition DT interference is that these tasks compete in parallel for one or more resource pools ('crosstalk' or 'neural structure theory'), or else serially engage common input/output mechanisms ('bottleneck theory') [38,41] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Effects on Postural Control under Multi-Task Conditions

et al. 2010

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Background: Changes in postural sway and gait patterns due to simultaneously performed cognitive (CI) and/or motor interference (MI) tasks have previously been reported and are associated with an increased risk of falling in older adults. Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a CI and/or MI task on static and dynamic postural control in young and elderly subjects, and to find out whether there is an association between measures of static and dynamic postural control while concurrently performing the CI and/or MI task. Methods: A total of 36 healthy young (n = 18; age: 22.3 ± 3.0 years; BMI: 21.0 ± 1.6 kg/m²) and elderly adults (n = 18; age: 73.5 ± 5.5 years; BMI: 24.2 ± 2.9 kg/m²) participated in this study. Static postural control was measured during bipedal stance, and dynamic postural control was obtained while walking on an instrumented walkway. Results: Irrespective of the task condition, i.e. single-task or multiple tasks, elderly participants showed larger center-of-pressure displacements and greater stride-to-stride variability than younger participants. Associations between measures of static and dynamic postural control were found only under the single-task condition in the elderly. Conclusion: Age-related deficits in the postural control system seem to be primarily responsible for the observed results. The weak correlations detected between static and dynamic measures could indicate that fall-risk assessment should incorporate dynamic measures under multi-task conditions, and that skills like erect standing and walking are independent of each other and may have to be trained complementarily.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Effects on Postural Control under Multi-Task Conditions

et al. 2010

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“…For instance, loss of cutaneous sensation may lead to less stable posture and locomotion (Courtemanche et al 1996;Dingwell and Cavanagh 2001;Meyer et al 2004;Perry et al 2000;Taylor et al 2004). In addition, support surface may also be included as a component of our ego space in a similar way as external objects and tools can be included in our body scheme (Iriki et al 1996;Ivanenko et al 1997;Pearson and Gramlich 2010;Solopova et al 2003;Wright and Horak 2007). The tactile information from the main supporting areas of the foot is also used by the brain for perceptual purposes and can evoke strong kinesthetic illusions (Roll et al 2002), vibrotactile thresholds being lower in the ball and arch of the sole than in the heel and toe regions (Gravano et al 2011;Inglis et al 2002).…”

Section: Postural Responses To Toe and Mt Perturbationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot anatomy specialization for postural sensation and control

Wright

Ivanenko

Gurfinkel

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

109

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Wright WG, Ivanenko YP, Gurfinkel VS. Foot anatomy specialization for postural sensation and control. J Neurophysiol 107: 1513-1521, 2012. First published December 7, 2011 doi:10.1152/jn.00256.2011.-Anthropological and biomechanical research suggests that the human foot evolved a unique design for propulsion and support. In theory, the arch and toes must play an important role, however, many postural studies tend to focus on the simple hinge action of the ankle joint. To investigate further the role of foot anatomy and sensorimotor control of posture, we quantified the deformation of the foot arch and studied the effects of local perturbations applied to the toes (TOE) or 1st/2nd metatarsals (MT) while standing. In sitting position, loading and lifting a 10-kg weight on the knee respectively lowered and raised the foot arch between 1 and 1.5 mm. Less than 50% of this change could be accounted for by plantar surface skin compression. During quiet standing, the foot arch probe and shin sway revealed a significant correlation, which shows that as the tibia tilts forward, the foot arch flattens and vice versa. During TOE and MT perturbations (a 2-to 6-mm upward shift of an appropriate part of the foot at 2.5 mm/s), electromyogram (EMG) measures of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius revealed notable changes, and the root-mean-square (RMS) variability of shin sway increased significantly, these increments being greater in the MT condition. The slow return of RMS to baseline level (Ͼ30 s) suggested that a very small perturbation changes the surface reference frame, which then takes time to reestablish. These findings show that rather than serving as a rigid base of support, the foot is compliant, in an active state, and sensitive to minute deformations. In conclusion, the architecture and physiology of the foot appear to contribute to the task of bipedal postural control with great sensitivity. foot deformation; proprioception; human posture control THE HUMAN FOOT IS A UNIQUE structure, formed by numerous bones and joints and fastened by the three layers of ligaments.

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“…Nevertheless, the functional role of specific groups of sensory receptors in regulating human locomotion is still uncertain because they cannot be easily separated since they interact with each other and with central rhythm-generating centers in a complex manner. In addition, support surface and contact with a ground may also be included as components of our ego space in a similar way as external objects and tools can be included in our body scheme (Berti & Frassinetti, 2000;Iriki, Tanaka, & Iwamura, 1996;Ivanenko, Levik, Talis, & Gurfinkel, 1997;Solopova, Kazennikov, Deniskina, Levik, & Ivanenko, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to mechanical foot stimulation during human locomotion under body weight support

Gravano

Ivanenko

Maccioni

et al. 2011

Human Movement Science

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a b s t r a c tInput from the foot plays an essential part in perceiving support surfaces and determining kinematic events in human walking. To simulate adequate tactile pressure inputs under body weight support (BWS) conditions that represent an effective form of locomotion training, we here developed a new method of phasic mechanical foot stimulation using light-weight pneumatic insoles placed inside the shoes (under the heel and metatarsus). To test the system, we asked healthy participants to walk on a treadmill with different levels of BWS. The pressure under the stimulated areas of the feet and subjective sensations were higher at high levels of BWS and when applied to the ball and toes rather than heels. Foot stimulation did not disturb significantly the normal motor pattern, and in all participants we evoked a reliable step-synchronized triggering of stimuli for each leg separately. This approach has been performed in a general framework looking for ''afferent templates" of human locomotion that could be used for functional sensory stimulation. The proposed technique can be used to imitate or partially restore surrogate contact forces under body weight support conditions.

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Postural instability enhances motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans

Cited by 100 publications

References 17 publications

Age-Related Effects on Postural Control under Multi-Task Conditions

Age-Related Effects on Postural Control under Multi-Task Conditions

Foot anatomy specialization for postural sensation and control

A novel approach to mechanical foot stimulation during human locomotion under body weight support

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