Postural sensorimotor training versus sham exercise in physiotherapy of patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: An exploratory randomised controlled trial

McCaskey, Michael A.; Wirth, Brigitte; Schuster‐Amft, Corina; Bruin, Eling D. de

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193358

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The achieved results indicated that the explored patients' pain intensity was decreased after conducting 12 weeks of SME; thus, it supports our first hypothesis and is consistent with the study of Ahmed et al [26] and inconsistent with the study of McCaskey et al [29]; this inconsistency may be due to the short duration of the intervention (4 weeks). Pain relief could be related to two mechanisms The firs: the mechanism is due to muscle balance created after SME in the vastus medialis and lateralis muscles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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The Effects of 12-Weeks of Sensorimotor Exercise on Pain, Strength, Pelvic Drop, and Dynamic Knee Valgus in Males With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Yalfani

Ahmadi

Gandomi

2020

PTJ

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Purpose: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is among the most prevalent complaints observed in healthcare clinics. This group of patients encounters Pelvic Drop (PD) and Dynamic Knee Valgus (DNV); its’ causes have been reported as pain and decreased muscle strength. The current study aimed to explore the effects of a 12-week Sensorimotor Exercise (SME) on pain, strength, PD, and DNV in males with PFPS. Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial involved 32 patients with PFPS. The study samples were randomly divided into the experimental (n=16) and control (n=16) groups. To assess pain, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used. Moreover, quadriceps muscle strength was measured by the hip abductor hand dynamometer. To analyze PD and DNV, camera and Kinova software were used during stairs descent. The experimental group performed 12 weeks of SME for 3 one-hour weekly sessions. However, the control group received no therapeutic intervention during this time. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The data analysis results suggested that pain significantly reduced in the experimental group, compared to the control group, after twelve weeks of SME (P<0.001). Besides, quadriceps muscle strength (P<0.002) and hip abductor muscle strength (P<0.001) improved, and PD angle (P<0.002) and DNV (P<0.003) were reduced. Conclusion: SME reduced pain and facilitated the frequency and time of muscle activation. It also increased the strength of the gluteus medius muscle as the main stabilizer of the pelvis chain and led to a reduction in PD and DNV. Thus, SME could be used as a comprehensive protocol treatment to improve various disorders in patients with PFPS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…To improve the proper activation of this group of muscle exercises that aim to automate more complex synergies was used. They included synergies that involved multiple joints, muscles, and motor levels [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of 12-Weeks of Sensorimotor Exercise on Pain, Strength, Pelvic Drop, and Dynamic Knee Valgus in Males With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Yalfani

Ahmadi

Gandomi

2020

PTJ

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“…Notably, the blinding of participants in exercise studies is exceedingly difficult because the participants notice if they are exercising or not. To minimize the risk of bias arising from not blinding participants (e.g., due to expectation effects), it is recommended that future studies should control appropriately for confounders, for instance, by assessing additional biopsychosocial variables (e.g., sleep, level of arousal, mood) [114][115][116][117][118] and/or a placebo group [116] (e.g., the placebo [sham] group performs the same exercise but without loading [119,120] or an inadequate dose to induce considerable effects [121]) when possible. Furthermore, with respect to the domain of "other bias", we recommend that upcoming studies pay stronger attention to developing a more rigorous study design (see the next Section 4.2, Study characteristics, for a detailed discussion, as well as Figure 4) [33] and better exercise prescription (see Section 4.3, Exercise characteristics, for a detailed discussion).…”

Section: Risk Of Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Understanding of the Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Cognition

et al. 2020

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The fact that a single bout of acute physical exercise has a positive impact on cognition is well-established in the literature, but the neural correlates that underlie these cognitive improvements are not well understood. Here, the use of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), offers great potential, which is just starting to be recognized. This review aims at providing an overview of those studies that used fMRI to investigate the effects of acute physical exercises on cerebral hemodynamics and cognition. To this end, a systematic literature survey was conducted by two independent reviewers across five electronic databases. The search returned 668 studies, of which 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this systematic review. Although the findings of the reviewed studies suggest that acute physical exercise (e.g., cycling) leads to profound changes in functional brain activation, the small number of available studies and the great variability in the study protocols limits the conclusions that can be drawn with certainty. In order to overcome these limitations, new, more well-designed trials are needed that (i) use a more rigorous study design, (ii) apply more sophisticated filter methods in fMRI data analysis, (iii) describe the applied processing steps of fMRI data analysis in more detail, and (iv) provide a more precise exercise prescription.Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 175 2 of 31 improve cognitive domains, such as attention and/or cognitive control substantially, albeit only transiently [30][31][32][33]. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of these effects are not yet fully understood. In this regard, the use of neuroimaging methods offers great potential for acquiring a deeper understanding of physical exercise-induced changes in the neural correlates of cognition, such as changes in functional brain activation [33][34][35]. The most common methods used to investigate effects on functional brain activation are functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) [34] and electroencephalography (EEG) [36,37]; however, also functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has recently been applied in the context of acute physical exercise and cognition [38,39]. The strengths of fNIRS and EEG compared to fMRI are a higher temporal resolution, greater portability, and applicability in almost all cohorts (e.g., for individuals with metallic implants or claustrophobia) [34,40,41]. However, fNIRS and EEG have a limited spatial resolution and only allow for the evaluation of brain activation patterns in cortical areas [41][42][43]. In comparison to fNIRS and EEG, fMRI enables the assessment of brain activation changes in cortical and subcortical areas and offers a higher spatial resolution, which results in superior source localization [42][43][44]. Hence, fMRI is well suited to study the influence of acute physical exercise on subcortical structures, such as the hippocampus, which have a crucial role in cognitive processes (e.g., memory) [45][46][47][48][49...

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“…Since these altered adaptative strategies may play a role in the development and maintenance of chronic low back pain, targeted interventions have been developed. Among these, sensory motor training seem promising and although they induce little changes on APA strategies, results indicate a positive impact on pain and function [ 20 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of load expectations on neuromuscular and postural strategies during a freestyle lifting task in individuals with and without chronic low back pain

et al. 2021

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Objective This study aimed to investigate how load expectations modulate neuromuscular and postural strategies in the anticipation of a freestyle lifting task with varying expected loads in individuals with and without chronic low back pain (cLBP). Methods Forty-seven participants, 28 with cLBP pain and 19 without, were recruited and completed a series of freestyle lifting trials (3 sets of box lifted for a total of 36 lifts). Verbal cues were used to modulate their expectations about the boxes’ weight: no expectation, lighter or heavier load expectations. Following each set, participants rated their perceived exertion on a visual analog scale. During the lifting protocol, kinematics (time to maximal flexion, angular velocity and joint angles), electromyography muscle activity (erector spinae and quadriceps) and center of pressure displacement were simultaneously recorded. Results Results showed that time to maximal knee flexion was modulated by load expectations in both groups (mean lighter load expectations = 1.15 ± 0.32 sec.; mean heavier load expectations = 1.06 ± 0.31 sec.). Results also showed a load expectations X group interaction for that time to maximal hip and lumbar flexion. Time to maximal hip flexion decreased with heavier load expectations (mean lighter load expectations = 1.20 ± 0.36; mean heavier load expectations = 1.16 ± 0.33) for cLBP only. Time to maximal lumbar flexion increased with heavier load expectation (mean lighter load expectations = 1.41 ± 0.27 sec.; mean lighter load expectations = 1.46 ± 0.29 sec.) for participants without LBP. However, no difference in lumbar, hip nor knee angles were observed between groups or conditions. Results highlighted significant load expectation effects for erector spinae electromyography activity, as lower muscle activations was observed for both groups with heavier load expectations (mean = 0.32 ± 0.15), compared to lighter load expectations (mean = 0.52 ± 0.27). Force plates analyses did not reveal any significant load expectation effects. Conclusion Present findings showed that load expectations modulate movement strategies and muscle activation similarly but not identically in individuals with chronic low back pain and healthy adults during freestyle lifting. Results of the present study partially differ from previous studies and suggest only minor differences in lifting strategies between healthy individuals and individuals with cLBP experiencing low level of pain and disability. More studies are needed to investigate the potential role of load expectations in the development and persistence of chronic low back pain.

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Postural sensorimotor training versus sham exercise in physiotherapy of patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: An exploratory randomised controlled trial

Cited by 23 publications

References 88 publications

The Effects of 12-Weeks of Sensorimotor Exercise on Pain, Strength, Pelvic Drop, and Dynamic Knee Valgus in Males With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

The Effects of 12-Weeks of Sensorimotor Exercise on Pain, Strength, Pelvic Drop, and Dynamic Knee Valgus in Males With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

The Contribution of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Understanding of the Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Cognition

Impact of load expectations on neuromuscular and postural strategies during a freestyle lifting task in individuals with and without chronic low back pain

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