Posture in Patients With Shoulder Overuse Injuries and Healthy Individuals

Greenfield, Bruce; Catlin, Pamela A.; Coats, Peyton W.; Green, Ed; McDonald, J; North, Cheri

doi:10.2519/jospt.1995.21.5.287

Cited by 167 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Billis et al 2 have shown good within-therapist reliability for locating the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic spine (C5 and T6). Other studies have also documented good intrarater 6,12 and interrater 12 reliability for palpation of scapular and thoracic spine landmarks for determining scapular position.…”

Section: Methods and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Scapular Position on Cervical Rotation Range of Motion

Andrade¹,

Azevedo²,

Lorentz³

et al. 2008

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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GUILHERME TRIVELLATO ANDRADE, PT¹ DANIEL CAMARA AZEVEDO, PT, MSc¹ IGOR DE ASSIS LORENTZ, PT² RODRIGO S. GALO NETO, PT² VICTOR SADALA DO PINHO, PT² RAFAEL T. R. FERRAZ GONÇALVES, PT² MARY KATE MCDONNELL, PT, DPT, OCS³ PT, PhD 4Influence of Scapular Position on Cervical Rotation Range of Motion I mpairments in alignment of the cervical spine and scapulae are commonly cited as possible sources of pain and dysfunction 3,30,31 and range-of-motion (ROM) limitations. 20 The scapulae and the cervical spine are anatomically linked through the cervicoscapular muscles: the upper trapezius and the levator scapulae. Changes of the alignment of either the scapulae or the cervical spine can potentially influence the biomechanics of the other by altering the tension at the cervicoscapular muscles. 15 scapula is located between the spinous process of the second and seventh thoracic vertebrae. 14,16,21,27 When the superior angle of the scapula is located below the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra, the scapula is considered to be depressed. 16,27 It has been proposed that a depressed scapular alignment affects neck function potentially through increasing compressive loading in the neck region, 36 through the transfer of weight from the upper extremities by way of the attachments of the cervicoscapular muscles. 15 A depressed scapular alignment has also been proposed to be related to neck pain, 27,30 and is associated with decreased pressure pain threshold (PPT) in the upper trapezius region. 1 When a depressed scapular alignment is identified in individuals with cervical dysfunction, passively elevating the scapulae can decrease symptoms 27,30,36 and improve ROM. 36 Several studies have investigated the influence of age, 5,7,10,13,17,22,35,38,40 sex, 7,10,13,17,22,35,38,40 and craniocervical posture 7,8,26,38 on cervical ROM. However, we are unaware of any studies examining the influence of scapular alignment on cervical ROM in a young healthy population. Assessing healthy subjects could allow us to understand the effect of scapular alignment on cervical spine movement without the influence of pain.The purpose of the current study was to compare (1) active cervical rotation ROM between healthy young subjects It has been suggested that an ideal vertical scapular alignment is when the STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, quasiexperimental design. OBJECTIVES:To compare the active cervical rotation range of motion (ROM) between healthy young subjects with a neutral vertical scapular alignment and subjects with scapular depression, and to examine the influence of modifying the vertical position of the scapulae on active cervical rotation ROM. BACKGROUND:Altered scapular alignment is proposed to be related to neck dysfunction and pain. Changes in the alignment of either the scapulae or the cervical spine can potentially influence the biomechanics of the other by altering the tension at the cervicoscapular muscles. METHODS AND MEASURES:Fifty-eight college age students with neutral vertical scapular alignment (NS group,...

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Section: Methods and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Scapular Position on Cervical Rotation Range of Motion

Andrade¹,

Azevedo²,

Lorentz³

et al. 2008

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…FHP can be linked to computer use, 28 carriage of backpacks, 29 use of smartphones, 16 headache, 30 mouth breathing, bad habit, 31 or shoulder overuse 15,23,32 (Table 1).…”

Section: Forward Head Posturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any of these methods can be used to detect the presence of abnormal posture. [21][22][23] Electromyography is also very commonly used in postural assessment studies to ascertain the changes in muscular activities that occur as a result of postural changes. 24 Most previous studies mention the causes and consequences of FHP, rounded shoulders, and increased thoracic kyphosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Forward Head, Rounded Shoulders, and Increased Thoracic Kyphosis: A Review of the Literature

Singla

Veqar

2017

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

160

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Objective: The purpose of this review was to explore the association between forward head posture, rounded shoulders, and increased thoracic kyphosis. Methods: The PubMed, ERIC, and Cochrane databases were searched using the key words posture, head, shoulder, forward scapular posture, and thoracic kyphosis through December 2016. Results: Our initial search yielded 6840 research studies, 6769 of which were excluded because they either were duplicates or did not satisfy the inclusion criteria. After the abstracts of the remaining studies were read, 15 were assessed for eligibility, and only 4 papers were included in the present review. Cervical lordosis values were found to be significantly associated with thoracic kyphosis values. Also, there were significant correlations between rounded shoulders and increased thoracic kyphosis. Conclusion: Forward head posture, rounded shoulders, and increased thoracic kyphosis can exist alone or in any combination. (J Chiropr Med 2017;16:220-229)

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“…J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40 (10) 8,20,22 and RCD. 16,18,21,25,27 A forward head posture has been linked to pain related to shoulder overuse. 16 Adopting a slouched posture has been shown to decrease glenohumeral abduction strength, 20 while adopting an upright posture resulted in increased glenohumeral elevation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,18,21,25,27 A forward head posture has been linked to pain related to shoulder overuse. 16 Adopting a slouched posture has been shown to decrease glenohumeral abduction strength, 20 while adopting an upright posture resulted in increased glenohumeral elevation. 8,22 Slouched posture may limit shoulder motion due to impingement beneath the acromion, creating a mechanical block to shoulder elevation coupled with tissue impingement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Posture on Acromiohumeral Distance With Arm Elevation in Subjects With and Without Rotator Cuff Disease Using Ultrasonography

Kalra¹,

Seitz²,

Boardman³

et al. 2010

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

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Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Objectives To examine the effects of altering posture on the subacromial space (SAS) in subjects with rotator cuff disease and subjects without shoulder pain. Background Poor upper quadrant posture has been linked to altered scapular mechanics, which has been theorized to excessively reduce SAS. However, no study has examined the direct effects of altering upper quadrant posture on SAS. We hypothesized that upright posture would increase and slouched posture would decrease the SAS, as compared to a normal posture, when measured both with the shoulder at rest along the side of the trunk and when maintained in 45° of active shoulder abduction. Methods Participants included 2 groups: the subjects with shoulder pain and rotator cuff disease, as diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging (n = 31), and control subjects without shoulder pain (n = 29). The SAS was imaged with ultrasound using a 7.5-MHz linear transducer placed in the coronal plane over the posterior to midportion of the acromion. The SAS was measured on ultrasound images using the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), defined as the shortest distance between the acromion and the humerus. The AHD was measured in 2 trials at 2 arm angles (at rest along the trunk and at 45° of active abduction) and across 3 postures (normal, slouched, and upright), and averaged for data analysis. Results Two mixed-model analyses of variance, 1 for each arm angle, were used to compare AHD across postures and between groups. There was no interaction between group and posture, and no significant main effect of group for either arm position. There was no significant main effect of posture for the arm at rest (P = .26); however, there was a significant main effect of posture on AHD at the 45° abduction arm angle (P = .0002), with a significantly greater AHD in upright posture (mean AHD, 9.8 mm), as compared to normal posture (mean AHD, 8.6 mm). Conclusion The effect of posture on SAS, as measured by the 2-dimensional AHD using ultrasound of the posterior to middle aspect of the SAS, is small. The AHD increased with upright posture by 1.2 mm compared to normal posture, when the arm was in 45° active abduction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2010;40(10):633–640. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3155

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Posture in Patients With Shoulder Overuse Injuries and Healthy Individuals

Cited by 167 publications

References 17 publications

Influence of Scapular Position on Cervical Rotation Range of Motion

Influence of Scapular Position on Cervical Rotation Range of Motion

Association Between Forward Head, Rounded Shoulders, and Increased Thoracic Kyphosis: A Review of the Literature

Effect of Posture on Acromiohumeral Distance With Arm Elevation in Subjects With and Without Rotator Cuff Disease Using Ultrasonography

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