Potable water quality monitoring of primary schools in Magura district, Bangladesh: children’s health risk assessment

Abstract

Safe potable water is essential for good health. Worldwide, school-aged children especially in the developing countries are suffering from various water-borne diseases. In the study, drinking water supplies for primary school children were monitored at Magura district, Bangladesh, to ensure safe potable water. APHA standard analytical methods were applied for determining the physicochemical parameters of the water samples. For determination of the essential physicochemical parameters, the samples were collected from 20 randomly selected tube wells of primary schools at Magura. The metal contents, especially arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), in the water samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The range of physicochemical parameters found in water samples were as follows: pH 7.05-9.03, electrical conductivity 400-2340 μS/cm, chloride 10-640 mg/L, hardness 200-535 mg/L as CaCO, and total dissolved solids 208-1216 mg/L. The level of metals in the tube well water samples were as follows: As 1 to 55 μg/L, Fe 40 to 9890 μg/L, and Mn 10 to 370 μg/L. Drinking water parameters of Magura district did not meet the requirement of the World Health Organization drinking water quality guideline, or the Drinking Water Quality Standards of Bangladesh.

Enterococci used as complementary indicator of fecal contamination to assess water quality from public schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

“…These factors contribute to the microbial growth and to considerable changes in the concentration and composition of the water (Proctor & Hammes, 2015). These results were similar to those found in other studies, which have also analyzed the water in school settings (Marzano & Balzaretti, 2013;Rahman et al, 2016) and revealed the need to reevaluate the quality of this resource.…”

“…In schools, water is used to be thirst-quenching, to prepare food and to use in personal hygiene. If drinking water is not safe, this supply can transport pathogenic microorganisms, which represents a health risk for students, teachers, and staff (Rahman et al, 2016).…”

“…Several countries have reported outbreaks of gastroenteritis transmitted by contaminated water, affecting school-aged children (Rahman et al, 2016). For example, an outbreak could be noted at an educational institution in Ghana.…”

The assessment of water quality in river Molo water basin, Kenya

“…Fractures within the river system may lead to mineralized regimes that produce mineral veins and saline intrusion into the river which in turn result in elevated major ions in the river water. Studies have shown that high intake of sodium in drinking water may lead to hypertension in pregnant women (Alsulaili et al 2015), and children whose kidneys are not mature enough to excrete excess sodium (Rahman et al 2016). Infants with severe gastrointestinal infections can suffer from fluid loss, leading to dehydration and increased sodium levels in the plasma (hypernatraemia) and serious neurological damage occasioned by high intake of sodium (Rahman et al 2016;Scheelbeek et al 2016).…”

Drinking Water Quality Influence to the Peasants’ Morbidity in the Ukrainian Settlements (by the Results of Sociological Survey and Correlation Analyses)

“…The level of heavy metals in the tube well water samples were as follows: As from 1 to 55 µg/L, Fe from 40 to 9890 µg/L, and Mn from 10 to 370 µg/L. Drinking water parameters of Magura district did not meet the requirement of the World Health Organization drinking water quality guideline, or the Drinking Water Quality Standards of Bangladesh [6].…”