Potassium Channels in the Heart

Thomsen, Morten B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77812-9_3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…In cardiac tissue, K + channels include inwardly rectifying K + channels (Kir), transient outward K + channels, delayed outward rectifying K + channels, Ca 2+ -activated K + channels, and two-pore domain K + channels. They are primarily responsible for maintaining the resting potential, regulating electrical excitation, forming the peak of the AP, and repolarizing the cell ( 43 ). Any dysfunction in these channels may result in cardiac arrhythmia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism-based targeting of cardiac arrhythmias by phytochemicals and medicinal herbs: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence

Soltani

Azizi²,

Rahimi³

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Cardiac arrhythmias, characterized by an irregular heartbeat, are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Because of the narrow therapeutic window of antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs), the management of arrhythmia is still challenging. Therefore, searching for new safe, and effective therapeutic options is unavoidable. In this study, the antiarrhythmic effects of medicinal plants and their active constituents were systematically reviewed to introduce some possible candidates for mechanism-based targeting of cardiac arrhythmias. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library were searched from inception to June 2021 to find the plant extracts, phytochemicals, and multi-component herbal preparations with antiarrhythmic activities. From 7337 identified results, 57 original studies consisting of 49 preclinical and eight clinical studies were finally included. Three plant extracts, eight multi-component herbal preparations, and 26 phytochemicals were found to have antiarrhythmic effects mostly mediated by affecting K+ channels, followed by modulating Ca2+ channels, upstream target pathways, Nav channels, gap junction channels, and autonomic receptors. The most investigated medicinal plants were Rhodiola crenulata and Vitis vinifera. Resveratrol, Oxymatrine, and Curcumin were the most studied phytochemicals found to have multiple mechanisms of antiarrhythmic action. This review emphasized the importance of research on the cardioprotective effect of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds to guide the future development of new AADs. The most prevalent limitation of the studies was their unqualified methodology. Thus, future well-designed experimental and clinical studies are necessary to provide more reliable evidence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism-based targeting of cardiac arrhythmias by phytochemicals and medicinal herbs: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence

Soltani

Azizi²,

Rahimi³

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated the importance of voltage-gated potassium channels in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias [44][45][46][47][48]. Loss-of-function mutations in the K v 7.1 channel, lead to long-QT syndrome type 1 (LQTS1), which is the most frequent type of the long-QT syndromes [49].…”

Section: The Ionic Basis Of Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: The Molecular Basis of Some Adverse Events

Giannotta

Murrone²,

Giannotta

2023

Vaccines

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Each injection of any known vaccine results in a strong expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This is the result of the innate immune system activation, without which no adaptive response to the injection of vaccines is possible. Unfortunately, the degree of inflammation produced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is variable, probably depending on genetic background and previous immune experiences, which through epigenetic modifications could have made the innate immune system of each individual tolerant or reactive to subsequent immune stimulations.We hypothesize that we can move from a limited pro-inflammatory condition to conditions of increasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can culminate in multisystem hyperinflammatory syndromes following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (MIS-V). We have graphically represented this idea in a hypothetical inflammatory pyramid (IP) and we have correlated the time factor to the degree of inflammation produced after the injection of vaccines. Furthermore, we have placed the clinical manifestations within this hypothetical IP, correlating them to the degree of inflammation produced. Surprisingly, excluding the possible presence of an early MIS-V, the time factor and the complexity of clinical manifestations are correlated to the increasing degree of inflammation: symptoms, heart disease and syndromes (MIS-V).

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“…In table 1, we present a series of characteristics of some channels of the cardiac muscle fibrocells, relating them to the specific AP phase and we indicate the documented interferences that pro-inflammatory cytokines produce on ion channels and currents. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias [31][32][33][34][35]. Loss-of-function mutations in Kv the long-QT syndromes [36].…”

Section: The Ionic Basis Of Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: From Inflammation to Hyperinflammation

Giannotta¹,

Murrone²,

Giannotta³

2023

Preprint

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Each injection of any known vaccine results in a strong expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This is the result of the innate immune system activation, without which no adaptive response to the injection of vaccines is possible. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines would not escape this rule. Unfortunately, the degree of inflammation produced by these vaccines is variable, probably depending on the genetic background and previous immune experiences, which through epigenetic modifications, could have made the innate immune system of each individual tolerant or reactive to subsequent immune stimulations.We hypothesize that we can move from a limited pro-inflammatory condition to conditions of increasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can culminate in multisystem hyperinflammatory syndromes following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (MIS-V). We have graphically represented this idea in a hypothetical inflammatory pyramid (IP) and we have correlated the time factor to the degree of inflammation produced after the injection of vaccines. Furthermore, we have placed the clinical manifestations within this hypothetical IP, correlating them to the degree of inflammation produced. Surprisingly, excluding the possible presence of an early MIS-V, the time factor and the complexity of clinical manifestations are correlated to the increasing degree of inflammation: symptoms, heart disease and syndromes (MIS-V).

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Potassium Channels in the Heart

Cited by 3 publications

References 126 publications

Mechanism-based targeting of cardiac arrhythmias by phytochemicals and medicinal herbs: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence

Mechanism-based targeting of cardiac arrhythmias by phytochemicals and medicinal herbs: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: The Molecular Basis of Some Adverse Events

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: From Inflammation to Hyperinflammation

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