Potassium hexacyanocobalt ferrate and ammonium molybdophosphate sorption bags for the removal of <sup>137</sup>Cs from aqueous solutions and a simulated waste

Raouf, MW Abdel

doi:10.1002/jctb.935

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Note that some Prussian blue analogs, like cobalt ferrocyanide [6,7] and copper ferrocyanide [8], are highly water-insoluble; can be used directly as adsorbents for radioactive cesium eliminations. However, these analogs are costly compared to Prussian blue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prussian blue caged in spongiform adsorbents using diatomite and carbon nanotubes for elimination of cesium

Fugetsu

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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We developed a spongiform adsorbent that contains Prussian blue, which showed a high capacity for eliminating cesium. An in situ synthesizing approach was used to synthesize Prussian blue inside diatomite cavities. Highly dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to form CNT networks that coated the diatomite to seal in the Prussian blue particles. These ternary (CNT/diatomite/Prussian-blue) composites were mixed with polyurethane (PU) prepolymers to produce a quaternary (PU/CNT/diatomite/Prussian-blue), spongiform adsorbent with an in situ foaming procedure. Prussian blue was permanently immobilized in the cell walls of the spongiform matrix and preferentially adsorbed cesium with a theoretical capacity of 168 mg/g cesium. Cesium was absorbed primarily by an ion-exchange mechanism, and the absorption was accomplished by self-uptake of radioactive water by the quaternary spongiform adsorbent

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prussian blue caged in spongiform adsorbents using diatomite and carbon nanotubes for elimination of cesium

Fugetsu

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Thus innovative immobilization without losing value is highly desired for the present applications11. Note that some PB analogs, like cobalt ferrocyanide1516 and copper ferrocyanide12, are highly water-insoluble; these analog could be used directly as adsorbents for radioactive cesium eliminations. However, these analogs are costly compared to PB.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cellulose nanofiber backboned Prussian blue nanoparticles as powerful adsorbents for the selective elimination of radioactive cesium

Vipin

Fugetsu

Sakata

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

114

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On 11 March 2011, the day of the unforgettable disaster of the 9 magnitude Tohoku earthquake and quickly followed by the devastating Tsunami, a damageable amount of radionuclides had dispersed from the Fukushima Daiichi’s damaged nuclear reactors. Decontamination of the dispersed radionuclides from seawater and soil, due to the huge amounts of coexisting ions with competitive functionalities, has been the topmost difficulty. Ferric hexacyanoferrate, also known as Prussian blue (PB), has been the most powerful material for selectively trapping the radioactive cesium ions; its high tendency to form stable colloids in water, however, has made PB to be impossible for the open-field radioactive cesium decontamination applications. A nano/nano combinatorial approach, as is described in this study, has provided an ultimate solution to this intrinsic colloid formation difficulty of PB. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were used to immobilize PB via the creation of CNF-backboned PB. The CNF-backboned PB (CNF/PB) was found to be highly tolerant to water and moreover, it gave a 139 mg/g capability and a million (106) order of magnitude distribution coefficient (Kd) for absorbing of the radioactive cesium ion. Field studies on soil and seawater decontaminations in Fukushima gave satisfactory results, demonstrating high capabilities of CNF/PB for practical applications.

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“…8 The success of the ORNL work led to development efforts aimed at Cs treatment of SRS HLW. 9 As for tea bags, a journal article 10 published near the end of the current study showed that others have considered the bag concept for treatment of fission products.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 88%

In situ Removal of Actinides and Strontium from High Level Waste Tanks, Tea Bag versus Adsorption Column

Mark¹

2004

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SummaryInitiatives are underway at the Savannah River Site (SRS) to accelerate the disposition of the supernate and salt portions of the waste in the SRS High Level Waste (HLW) tank farm system. Significant savings in processing time and overall cost could be achieved by in situ treatment of waste supernate or dissolved salt inside a tank farm waste tank. For treatment of actinides and strontium in waste, the baseline method is sorption onto monosodium titanate (MST), an engineered powder with mean particle size of ~10 microns. In a separate study at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), engineered forms of MST were developed and compared on a small (250-mL) scale in batch tests. In the current study, a promising form of engineered MST was tested under two conditions: a traditional ion exchange (or adsorption) column and a porous, flowthrough device called a "tea bag", immersed in solution. Both tests used the same amount of engineered MST to treat 10 L of simulated waste solution containing plutonium (108 µg/L) and strontium (710 µg/L).In the column test, engineered MST succeeded in treating 2900 bed volumes (BV) of simulated salt waste solution. There was no significant strontium (Sr) breakthrough and only 7% plutonium (Pu) breakthrough at the end of the run which operated at 5.3 BV/hour and lasted 23 days. Stated another way, the column of engineered MST achieved an average decontamination factor (DF) of 70 for Sr and a Pu DF ranging from 140 initially to 15. In the tea bag test, activity levels for Sr and Pu were reduced by 82% and 80%, respectively, in four weeks, though most of the Sr removal occurred during the first week. The tea bag DFs were 5.5 for Sr and 4.9 for Pu.Estimates are available for the DFs required to meet Z-Area limits. For the average waste concentration, a Sr DF of 4.5 and a Pu DF of 12 are needed. Based on the performance of the engineered MST in the column tests, this treatment approach would be sufficient to treat much of the SRS waste. The tea bag method, however, would be limited to wastes that have Pu activities below the average composition or used in tandem with other treatment methods for wastes with the average Pu waste composition or higher.Though tea bag and column equipment could be deployed in a large tank, the column approach is more attractive for several reasons: ability to meet decontamination requirements at higher alpha activity, no observed fines generation, and relative maturity of column-related technology. Another important advantage to the column approach is that it enhances loading because the adsorbent is in equilibrium with feed adsorbate levels which are higher than product levels. Enhanced loading yields more efficient use of MST, reducing the amount of MST solids that transfer downstream for vitrification.We scaled the results of bench-scale tests for deployment in a million-gallon waste tank. Using a 70-gal column operating in once-through mode, we would expect a DF of 70 for Sr and about 30 for Pu for the treatment of the initial 200,000 gal in a...

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Potassium hexacyanocobalt ferrate and ammonium molybdophosphate sorption bags for the removal of ¹³⁷Cs from aqueous solutions and a simulated waste

Abstract: 137 Cs recovery from the used sorbents was ∼0.46 g g −1 using 6 N HCl as leachant for AMP, compared with ∼0.253 g g −1 for KCFC using 6 N NaCl. These results indicated stronger cesium immobilization in the KCFC complex.

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Prussian blue caged in spongiform adsorbents using diatomite and carbon nanotubes for elimination of cesium

Prussian blue caged in spongiform adsorbents using diatomite and carbon nanotubes for elimination of cesium

Cellulose nanofiber backboned Prussian blue nanoparticles as powerful adsorbents for the selective elimination of radioactive cesium

In situ Removal of Actinides and Strontium from High Level Waste Tanks, Tea Bag versus Adsorption Column

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Potassium hexacyanocobalt ferrate and ammonium molybdophosphate sorption bags for the removal of 137Cs from aqueous solutions and a simulated waste

Abstract: 137 Cs recovery from the used sorbents was ∼0.46 g g −1 using 6 N HCl as leachant for AMP, compared with ∼0.253 g g −1 for KCFC using 6 N NaCl. These results indicated stronger cesium immobilization in the KCFC complex.

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Prussian blue caged in spongiform adsorbents using diatomite and carbon nanotubes for elimination of cesium

Prussian blue caged in spongiform adsorbents using diatomite and carbon nanotubes for elimination of cesium

Cellulose nanofiber backboned Prussian blue nanoparticles as powerful adsorbents for the selective elimination of radioactive cesium

In situ Removal of Actinides and Strontium from High Level Waste Tanks, Tea Bag versus Adsorption Column

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Potassium hexacyanocobalt ferrate and ammonium molybdophosphate sorption bags for the removal of ¹³⁷Cs from aqueous solutions and a simulated waste