Potassium homeostasis, oxidative stress, and human disease

Udensi, Udensi K.; Tchounwou, Paul B.

doi:10.4103/ijcep.ijcep_43_17

Cited by 115 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Increased plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels lead to water and sodium retention causing ascites and dilution hyponatremia further [ 4 ]. In hyponatremia, the Na + -K + -ATPase pumps sodium ions out of the cell and potassium into the cell [ 21 ]. In addition, patients with cirrhosis are characterized by a state of secondary hyperaldosteronism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Hyperkalemia in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients

Cai

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Background. Hyperkalemia is a serious complication in cirrhotic patients. However, the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and its impact on the outcomes in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients remain unclear. Methods. We retrospectively recruited 650 ACLF patients in this study. The risk factors associated with hyperkalemia and its relationship with 90-day mortality were analyzed using multivariable regression models. Results. Among 650 patients with ACLF, 12.2% (79/650) had hyperkalemia during hospitalization. Higher admission serum potassium levels and the presence of acute kidney injury (AKI) were independent risk factors for hyperkalemia. The prevalence rates of hyperkalemia in patients with and without AKI were 23.6% and 4.6%, respectively (P<0.001). Hyperkalemia was a predictor of mortality in AKI and non-AKI patients. The 90-day mortality rates in non-AKI patients with and without hyperkalemia were 44.4% and 24.7%, respectively (P<0.001), and in AKI patients with and without hyperkalemia were 80.3% and 56.6%, respectively (P<0.001). Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), gastrointestinal bleeding, AKI, hyperkalemia, elevated total bilirubin (TBIL) and international normalized ratio (INR) values, and higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment (CLIF-SOFA) scores were independent risk factors for predicting the 90-day mortality in ACLF patients. Conclusions. Hyperkalemia increases the 90-day mortality in ACLF patients; hyperkalemia is associated with AKI. Patients with both AKI and hyperkalemia had the worst outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gastrointestinal bleeding, increased diuretic doses, large volume paracentesis, and lactulose-induced diarrhea may lead to a state of hypovolemia in ACLF patients. Hypovolemic activates the renin-angiotensin system [ 21 ]. The increased circulating aldosterone stimulates renal sodium retention and affects potassium excretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Hyperkalemia in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients

Cai

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…In outpatient population undergoing laboratory testing, mild hypokalemia can be found in almost 14% ( 14 ). Furthermore, as many as 20% of hospitalized patients are found to have hypokalemia but only in 4–5% this is clinically significant ( 15 ). Severe hypokalemia is relatively uncommon.…”

Section: Definition and Prevalence Of Hypokalemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, surreptitious vomiting (often common in bulimic patients trying to lose weight) or diuretic use can be the cause of a metabolic alkalosis with a low rate of urinary potassium excretion. In addition, some patients with laxative abuse present with metabolic alkalosis, rather than with the expected metabolic acidosis ( 30 ).…”

Section: Laboratory Investigation Of Hypokalemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypokalemia: a clinical update

Kardalas

Paschou

Anagnostis

et al. 2018

Endocrine Connections

248

199

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Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disturbance, especially in hospitalized patients. It can have various causes, including endocrine ones. Sometimes, hypokalemia requires urgent medical attention. The aim of this review is to present updated information regarding: (1) the definition and prevalence of hypokalemia, (2) the physiology of potassium homeostasis, (3) the various causes leading to hypokalemia, (4) the diagnostic steps for the assessment of hypokalemia and (5) the appropriate treatment of hypokalemia depending on the cause. Practical algorithms for the optimal diagnostic, treatment and follow-up strategy are presented, while an individualized approach is emphasized.

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“…This also determines the impact on the maintenance of normal cell functions [21]. The tissues most severely affected by potassium imbalance are muscle and renal tubular cells [7] Disturbances of potassium homeostasis can cause hyperkalemia or hypokalemia and results in serious consequences [2,8,19,[21][22][23]. They are related with the role of potassium in health and disease, focusing on cardiovascular, nutritional, and kidney considerations [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Sources of Potassium in the Average Polish Diet

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to identify the food sources of potassium in the average Polish diet based on the data from the 2016 Household Budget Survey conducted on the representative sample of the Polish population (36,886 households, n = 99,230). This survey is organized by the Central Statistical Office and is related to the expenditures, quantitative consumption and revenues in households. We analyzed 91 sub-groups (i.e., milk, red meat) from 13 food categories (i.e., milk and dairy products, meat and products). Our findings indicated that the daily supply of potassium in the average Polish diet was 2617.9 mg, which meant covering the average allowance in 83%. Vegetables provided 32.5% of potassium, of which potatoes accounted for 16.2% of supply, and other vegetables for 16.2%. Tomatoes as well as other vegetables and mushrooms provided a total of 8.2% of potassium among vegetables. The next position was taken by the meat and meat products category (17.7%), with the largest share of meat products (6.7%) and red meat (5.2%). Cereal products supplied 16.64% of potassium, of which bread, rolls and bread products (12.2%) were of the greatest importance. Milk and dairy products turned out to be the fourth product category as a source of potassium (11.9%), with the highest share of milk (6.8%) and yoghurts and milk drinks (3.9%).

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Potassium homeostasis, oxidative stress, and human disease

Cited by 115 publications

References 107 publications

Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Hyperkalemia in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients

Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Hyperkalemia in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients

Hypokalemia: a clinical update

Food Sources of Potassium in the Average Polish Diet

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