The preparation of isotopically labeled compounds for
drug discovery
and development presents a unique challenge. Both stable and radioactive
isotopes must be incorporated into complex bioactive molecules as
efficiently as possible, using precious, and often expensive, isotopically
enriched reagents. Due to the ubiquity and importance of methyl groups
in drug molecules, there is a requirement for a general, late-stage
methylation that allows for the incorporation of both carbon and hydrogen
isotopes. Herein, we report a highly efficient, robust palladium-catalyzed
approach, optimized via high-throughput experimentation, for the methylation
of aryl chlorides using potassium methyltrifluoroborate. A practically
straightforward route to isotopically labeled methylating agents has
also been developed, and the methodology applied to isotopologue synthesis,
including the installation of isotopic labels in a range of drug-like
scaffolds.