Potassium Salt Prospects in Siberia

Yanshin, A. L.

doi:10.1080/00206816409474700

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“…Though some orogeny took place in the eastern Tien Shan in the late Jurassic, and marine Cretaceous exists, first appearing in the W, the main uplift is of Himalayan age. The Soviet Tectonic Map of Eurasia (Yanshin, 1966) shows that the Tien Shan are regarded by its compilers as a composite mountain system, with elements of Caledonian folding faulted along the length of the system against elements of Hercynian folding. Ch'ang Ta (1959) described what appears to have been a Cambrian island arc system in the Chinese Tien Shan which continued into the Ordovician and Silurian.…”

Section: The Northern Plate Boundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This presents no problem as there are no severe physical constraints. But it will be apparent from the Soviet Tectonic Map of Eurasia (Yanshin, 1966) that the position of the Tarim Block relative to Tibet must have changed considerably in the Phanerozoic, if only from the evidence in the Kun Lun, the regional strikes within which trend WNW-ENE while the fault boundary with the Tarim Basin cuts across them, trending WSW-ENE. The Tarim Block appears to have moved sinistrally relative to Tibet (a movement which is still going on) and its palaeoposition in Gondwanaland seems likely to have been adjacent to the northwestern continental margin of Australia (Fig.…”

Section: Tibet and The West Australian Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Indus Suture Line, the Himalaya, Tibet and Gondwanaland

Crawford

1974

Geol. Mag.

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SummaryMisunderstanding exists about the origin of the Himalaya, Indo-Tibetan relationships and the extent and history of Gondwanaland. The Indus Suture Line is a relic of fracture to the mantle but for a period only represented by the faunas of the ‘exotic blocks’ of the Tibetan Himalaya, i.e. Permian—Late Jurassic. Tibet appears originally to have been part of a plate including India, but submerged while India remained continental. Associated with the fracture extending to the mantle represented now by the Indus Suture Line, shallower subparallel fractures developed within which the Gondwana sediments of the Himalaya were preserved. These, together with the salt at the base of the Tethyan marine sequence, facilitated intra-continental orogeny when, much later, India was affected by vigorous sea-floor spreading and plate movement in the NW Indian ocean after it had become attached to Asia.The northern plate boundary was beyond Tibet, on the N side of the Tarim Basin Block, and along the Tien Shan. The Tien Shan present peculiar features, particularly very deep long intramontane depressions such as Issyk Kul in USSR and Turfan-Hami in China, and their stratigraphy shows persistent mobility. The Tarim Basin Block has moved sinistrally relative to Tibet and in Gondwanaland lay near northern Western Australia. The suggested extent of Gondwanaland explains the present lack of continental crust W of Western Australia, now in Tibet, and the intracontinental origin of the Himalaya is consistent with the absence of recent volcanism in an area of considerable seismicity. The association of Tibet with India in Gondwanaland destroys the effectiveness of arguments against continental drift based upon the extension of Indian stratigraphic sequences across the Himalaya. The hypothesis of an enlarged Gondwanaland is given support by recent Chinese discoveries of terrestrial vertebrate fossils of Gondwanic type near the Tien Shan.

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Section: The Northern Plate Boundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tibet and The West Australian Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%