Photoinduced phase transitions in spin-Peierls ͑SP͒ systems of alkali ͑M =K,Na͒-tetracyanoquinodimethane ͑TCNQ͒ have been studied by a reflection-type femtosecond ͑fs͒ pump-probe spectroscopy. The SP phase is destabilized by the generation of photocarriers through the breaking of the spin-singlet states in dimers. It results in the decrease of the dimeric molecular displacements within a few hundred of femtoseconds over several tens of TCNQ molecules. It is accompanied by the displacive-type coherent oscillations, which consist mainly of three modes with the frequencies of 20, 49, and 90 cm −1 in K-TCNQ and of two modes with the frequencies of 49 and 99 cm −1 in Na-TCNQ. By taking into account the temperature dependence of the Raman scattering spectra, the mode with 20 cm −1 in K-TCNQ and the modes with 49 and 99 cm −1 in Na-TCNQ are assigned to the phonon modes in the SP ground state, while the modes with 49 and 90 cm −1 in K-TCNQ are assigned to the local modes originating from the photoexcited states. Polarization dependence of the Raman scattering signals shows that the 20-cm −1 mode of K-TCNQ and the 49-cm −1 mode of Na-TCNQ are longitudinal optical ͑LO͒ modes, whereas the 99-cm −1 mode of Na-TCNQ is a transverse optical ͑TO͒ mode. Namely, the LO mode plays an important role on the stabilization of the SP phase in K-TCNQ, while both the LO and TO modes in Na-TCNQ. Such a difference is discussed by scrutinizing the difference of the crystal structures and the nature of the SP transitions in the two compounds.