Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivation by Zero Tillage and Paddy Straw Mulching in the Saline Soils of the Ganges Delta

Sarangi, Sukanta K.; Maji, B.; Sharma, Parbodh Chander; Digar, S.; Mahanta, K. K.; Burman, D.; Mandal, Uttam Kumar; Mandal, Subhasis; Mainuddin, Mohammed

doi:10.1007/s11540-020-09478-6

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It keeps the soil cooler during the summer and acts as an insulator through the cold winter months, minimizing the effects of fluctuating temperatures on plant roots. It also increases organic matter in the soil after breakdown of the mulch [41].…”

Section: Crop Residue Management In Rice-maize Cropping System Affects Yield Soil Salinity and Soil Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Crop residue retention adds carbon and nutrients to soil and reduces evaporation, thereby curtailing the upward flow of salts and deposition in upper soil layers. The use of rice straw (more than 7 t ha −1 ) as a mulch in subsequent dry season crops has been advocated to improve yields and conserve soil moisture, with a positive impact on the environment [37,41]. Conserving soil moisture through mulching also improves water use through transpiration and water productivity [42].…”

Section: Crop Residue Management In Rice-maize Cropping System Affects Yield Soil Salinity and Soil Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crop and Residue Management Improves Productivity and Profitability of Rice–Maize System in Salt-Affected Rainfed Lowlands of East India

Sarangi

Singh²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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This study was conducted over 3 years in a salt-affected coastal rainfed lowland ecosystem. Farmers most commonly grow tall rice varieties in the wet season to cope with flash and/or stagnant floods, leading to large amounts of rice residue production. Most of the land remains fallow during the dry season because of increased salinity and scarcity of freshwater for irrigation. The study aims to provide options for increasing cropping intensity through management of crop residues (CR) and soil salinity, conservation of soil moisture, and reduction in production cost. The rice–maize rotation was assessed with rice as the main plot as (1) puddled transplanted rice (PTR) with CR of both rice and maize removed, (2) PTR and 40% CR of both crops retained, (3) dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) with CR of both crops removed, and (4) DSR with 40% CR of both crops retained. Maize in the dry season was supplied with different N levels as sub-plots—control (0 kg N ha−1), 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha−1. DSR, when combined with CR retention (DSR + R), reduced soil salinity. The increase in rice grain yield with CR retention (observed in second and third years) and crop establishment (higher in DSR versus PTR in the third year) was 16 and 24%, respectively. The cost of production increased by 17% (USD 605 ha−1) in PTR compared with DSR (USD 518 ha−1). CR retention reduced irrigation water requirement by 37% and N requirement by 40 kg ha−1 for hybrid maize. When CR was removed (−R), the N requirement for hybrid maize increased to 160 kg N ha−1 compared to when it was partially (40%) retained, where the requirement was 120 kg ha−1 with similar yields. Available N was highest under DSR + R (314 kg ha−1) and lowest under PTR − R (169 kg ha−1), and it also increased with increasing N application up to 120 kg ha−1 (+R) and 160 kg ha−1 (−R). The results of the study hold promise for increasing cropping intensity and farmers’ incomes, with broader implications for increasing productivity on about 2.95 million hectares currently under a rice–fallow system in eastern India, and in coastal areas affected by similar conditions in South and Southeast Asia.

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Section: Crop Residue Management In Rice-maize Cropping System Affects Yield Soil Salinity and Soil Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Crop Residue Management In Rice-maize Cropping System Affects Yield Soil Salinity and Soil Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop and Residue Management Improves Productivity and Profitability of Rice–Maize System in Salt-Affected Rainfed Lowlands of East India

Sarangi

Singh²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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“…When reclaimed soil is brought under cultivation, mulching with organic materials, such as paddy straw that is readily available in the Ganges Delta, may be practiced. Paddy straw mulching reduces soil salinity, conserves soil moisture, improves bulk density, and increases soil organic carbon content [122].…”

Section: Green/organic Manuring and Mulchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems, Management, and Prospects of Acid Sulphate Soils in the Ganges Delta

2022

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Soil is a finite natural resource and is indispensable for human civilization because it is the medium for food production for the biosphere. Continued soil degradation is a forerunner of catastrophe for the living world. The protection of healthy soils and the restoration of problem soils are strongly needed in the current agricultural scenario as competition for urbanization and other human needs for land resources limits the scope for the further availability of land for agriculture. Naturally occurring degraded soils, such as acid sulphate soils, can be restored with scientific interventions and advanced management strategies. The Ganges Delta is a densely populated region, where the inhabitants’ major livelihood is agriculture. Soil acidity and salinity restrict crop performance in this coastal region, particularly the acid sulphate soils (ASSs) posing a risk to agriculture. ASSs are developed from land-use changes from mangrove forest to agricultural land in this region. There is no systematic study on these soil types covering Bangladesh and India. This paper unfolds several aspects related to the characteristics, problems, and detailed management strategies of ASSs relevant to the Gangetic Delta region where these soils continue to be used for intensive agriculture to meet the livelihood needs. Crop yields are very poor in the unmanaged ASSs due to a very low soil pH (<3.5), hampering the growth and development of crops due to nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities, coupled with soil salinity. There is toxicity of water-soluble Fe, Al, and Mn. The phosphorus nutrition of crops in these soils is affected owing to a high soil P fixation capacity. A deficiency of micronutrients, such as Zn and Cu, was also observed; however, K availability is variable in the soil. The soil acidity is a general problem throughout the soil profile; however, extreme acidity (pH < 3.5) in particular soil horizons is a typical soil characteristic, which creates problems for its efficient management. Specific operations, such as the selective use of soil layers with good properties for crop root growth, major and minor nutrient applications, and soil amendments, including green manuring, application of biofertilizers, and soil microbes, are gradually improving the properties of these soils and bringing back the potential for good crop production. Scientific water/drainage management is needed to gain an agronomic advantage. Evidence of increased crop yields in these soils observed from green manuring, lime, basic slag, and rock phosphate application are presented.

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“…Also, the reasons for their responses (yes or no) were recorded for each of these interventions. The most preferred interventions reported by the farmers were, ZT potato (Sarangi et al, 2018(Sarangi et al, , 2020, vegetables in sacks with kharif rice, straw mulching, green manuring, lime applications, and growing new crops like broccoli, green gram, mustard, sunflower, maize and other vegetables (Table 4). The low-cost drip irrigation method, direct seeded rice, and drum seeded rice method was also preferred by the farmers but they were not quite sure whether to adopt on a large scale, primarily due to erratic rainfall pattern and operating very small area of land.…”

Section: Farmers' Perception On DI Erent Interventions For Cropping S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cropping system intensification for smallholder farmers in coastal zone of West Bengal, India: A socio-economic evaluation

Mandal

Sarangi²,

Mainuddin³

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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IntroductionIt is estimated that five out of six farms in the world are operating less than two hectares of land, called smallholder farmers, and they are producing over one third of the global food. Cropping system intensification research and interventions at farmers' fields could be one of the ways to improve the prevailing cropping systems. Understanding socio-economic issues are important for the successful implementation of improved or new cropping systems and for increasing farmers' income in the coastal zone of the Ganges delta. A socio-economic evaluation study was carried out to understand how far the suggested cropping options were feasible to smallholder farmers in the coastal zone; quantify the benefits due to the adoption of new cropping systems; how far those options were socio-economically suitable for the targeted smallholder farmers; and to identify the key factors that might be affecting the out-scaling of the evolved options to a larger group of farmers.MethodsBaseline and endline surveys were conducted with 90 farmers before and after the demonstration of various cropping systems at farmers' fields. Techno-economic suitability of new crops and management options were evaluated through accounting benefits of adoption and identifying various constraints in adoption. Behavioral analysis was carried out to identify factors affecting large-scale adoption of the new/improved cropping systems evolved.Results and discussionThe socio-economic survey quantified the increase in cropping intensity higher than the baseline level (123–142%) and reduced the rabi (winter/dry) season fallow area by 30–35%. The study identified farmers' preferred interventions were low-cost drip irrigation and mulching, zero-tillage (ZT) potato with straw mulching, improving soil quality with lime and green manuring, and vegetable-based cropping systems interventions. Although the economics of the evolved cropping systems were favorable, however, availability of freshwater stored in ponds/canals, and income from on and off-farm were the most important factors determining the adoption of new systems on a larger scale.

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivation by Zero Tillage and Paddy Straw Mulching in the Saline Soils of the Ganges Delta

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Crop and Residue Management Improves Productivity and Profitability of Rice–Maize System in Salt-Affected Rainfed Lowlands of East India

Crop and Residue Management Improves Productivity and Profitability of Rice–Maize System in Salt-Affected Rainfed Lowlands of East India

Problems, Management, and Prospects of Acid Sulphate Soils in the Ganges Delta

Cropping system intensification for smallholder farmers in coastal zone of West Bengal, India: A socio-economic evaluation

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