Potenciación de la respuesta productiva en rumiantes mediante el empleo de proteínas protegidas

Abstract

SUMMARY XIThe main objective of this thesis project was to increase the protein efficiency in ruminant diets by using protected protein (sunflower meal and spring pea), and improving the prediction of microbial protein supply.Commercial sunflower meal (SFM) and spring pea (SP) were treated with 4 N solutions (200 mL/kg) of malic acid (268.2 g/L) or orthophosphoric acid (130.6 g/L). Daily, two fractions of 12.5 kg of one of these meals were successively sprayed with the tested acid solution in a concrete mixer using a sprayer. Both fractions were then mixed and allowed to rest for 1 h at room temperature. The blend was then dried in a forced air oven at 120 ºC for 1 h. Then the oven was turned off and the treated material was left in the oven overnight. During the drying process, the material was stirred every 30 min during the first 2 h and then every 60 min for the subsequent 5 h. This process was repeated until the amounts of treated flour needed for the different trials performed.In the first experiment (chapter 3), ruminal and intestinal digestion trials were conducted to study the effects of the application of these acid solutions and heat to protect proteins of SFM and SP against ruminal degradation using three wethers fitted with rumen and duodenum cannulae. The ruminal digestion study was carried out in three experimental periods in which the wethers were successively fed three isoproteic diets including SFM and SP, untreated or treated with malic or orthophosphoric acids. The experimental periods of 21 days included successively: 10 days of diet adaptation, SFM and SP particle ruminal transit study (days 11-14) and ruminal nylon-bag incubations (days 15-21). The meals incubated in each experimental period were those corresponding to the associated diet. Rumen bacteria were labelled from days 11 to 21 by continuous intra-ruminal infusion of a 15 N source and the rumen was emptied at the end of in situ incubations in each period to isolate solid adherent bacteria and liquid associate bacteria. The intestinal digestion trial was conducted twenty days after the end of the ruminal studies to eliminate the 15 N enrichment in the digesta. The tested samples XII were composite samples obtained pooling the different ruminally undegraded residues to be representative of the chemical composition of the ruminally undegraded fraction (RU).Wethers were fed the untreated diet to determine the intestinal digestibility of untreated and treated meals using the mobile nylon bag technique. In addition, protein in untreated and treated meals and their 0 h, composite and intestinally undigested samples were extracted and subjected to electrophoresis to determine the digestion site of the different protein fractions.Estimates of the RU and its intestinal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter (only for RU), crude protein (CP) and starch (only in SP) were obtained considering ruminal microbial contamination and particle comminution and outflow rates. When corrected for the microbial contamination taking place in the rume...

Ruminal degradation of protein : implications for polluting emissions

“…The use of the 15 N dilution technique using 15 N-enriched feeds has an important limitation that is the incorporation of 15 N from the colonised 15 N-enriched feed particles by the solid-associated bacteria (SAB). However, the results of previous studies (González et al, 2012;Díaz-Royón, 2016) were similar, but they were lower for the ADIN fraction for both the whole feed sample and its insoluble fraction. The reduction was low for the sunflower seed (SS; 1.28%), but important for wheat grain (WG) and wheat straw (WS), with values of 9.95 and 9.24%, respectively, which is in agreement with the differences in the fibre polarity of the tested feeds.…”