Potencial antimicrobiano de extractos de plantas medicinales y sus mezclas frente a bacterias asociadas con conjuntivitis

Abstract

Introducción. La conjuntivitis bacteriana es una de las infecciones oculares con mayor tasa de consulta oftálmica, siendo el género Staphylococcus el agente etiológico que presenta mayor resistencia a los antibióticos. Objetivo. Determinar el potencial antimicrobiano de extractos de plantas medicinales y sus mezclas frente a bacterias asociadas con conjuntivitis. Métodos. A partir de plantas como Belladona, Caléndula, Albahaca, Achiote y Romerillo se prepararon los extractos etanólicos y se evaluó su potencial antibacteriano frente a S. aureus y S. epidermidis, mediante las técnicas de difusión en disco y dilución en tubo. El efecto de las mezclas se determinó para el extracto con mejor actividad y el antibiótico con mayor halo de inhibición a través de la técnica de tablero. Resultados. Se encontró que el extracto con mayor potencial para S. aureus fue el de achiote (hojas) con un halo de inhibición de 13 mm y CMIs de 15 mg/mL, mientras que para S. epidermidis fueron los de hojas y frutos de achiote con halos de 16,6 y 9,6 mm y CMIs de 15 y 30 mg/mL respectivamente. En relación con las combinaciones, el extracto de achiote y ciprofloxacina mostró un efecto de sinergia parcial para S. aureus con una CFI de 0,83 y un efecto aditivo para S. epidermidis con una CFI de 1,84. Conclusiones. Este trabajo se constituye en la base de futuras investigaciones orientadas hacia el desarrollo de bioproductos de uso ocular que puedan ser considerados como alternativa en el tratamiento de infecciones causadas por Staphylococcus.

Antimicrobial effect of chamomile-containing over-the-counter ear and eye drops

“…8 A synergistic or additive effect between plant extract and antibiotics has already been demonstrated in the context of bacterial conjunctivitis. 11 When considering chamomile-containing preparations for the ear and eye, factors such as the concentration of active compounds, the formulation of the preparation, and the specific pathogens commonly associated with ear and eye infections need to be addressed. Different extracts from chamomile flowers have differential antibacterial effects on specific microorganisms.…”

“…20 Furthermore, such differences can also be affected by the species of Matricaria and the part of the plant from where the extract is obtained. 11 This is important as sometimes the plant available in the market may be adulterated and substituted by close relatives of chamomile. 7 Although this study provides valuable insights into the antimicrobial activity of over-the-counter chamomile-containing ear and eye drops, these were exclusively tested against planktonically grown organisms.…”

“…9,10 Staphylococcus species are the most common pathogens for bacterial conjunctivitis in adults, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Homeopathic drops are sometimes used as a complementary treatment for conjunctivitis 11 and other ocular conditions. 12 Eye drops containing chamomile have been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, allowing for protection against cell death and ameliorating wound healing.…”

Efecto antimicrobiano de los extractos polifenolicos presentes en ananas comosus

“…Antimicrobial effect of polyphenolic extracts present in ananas comosus On the other hand, the microbiological analysis carried out showed a variability in the inhibition halos which is significant because according to (33) previous results of inhibition halos of 28 and 18 mm have been reported, as reported by ( 34) and ( 35), as well as in the research carried out by (36), establishes that bacteria tend to produce resistance mechanisms against antimicrobials, which in the case of Staphylococcus aureus are related to the activation of cell wall synthesis, with the production of proteins, which once these resistance mechanisms are activated, create a greater firmness against the applied agent. It was also observed that treatment three corresponds to the highest concentration of pineapple crown extract, being the most representative in terms of inhibitory capacity, which indicates a gradual inhibition capacity, with a smaller inhibition halo being observed at lower concentrations of the extract.…”