Potencial de espécies de Bambu como fonte energética

Abstract

ResumoO objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar as características da biomassa e do carvão vegetal das espécies Bambusa tuldoides, Bambusa vulgaris var. vittata e Dendrocalamus asper visando determinar o seu potencial para o uso energético. Para fins comparativos, foram utilizadas árvores de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla com 6 anos. A biomassa das espécies foi caracterizada (densidade básica, análise imediata, poder calorífico superior e densidade energética) e foi produzido carvão vegetal com taxa de aquecimento de 1,67 ºC.min -1 e temperatura final de 450ºC para posterior caracterização (densidade básica, análise imediata, poder calorífico superior, densidade energética e rendimento gravimétrico). As espécies de bambu apresentaram características energéticas similares ou superiores em relação ao híbrido de eucalipto, exceto para os teores de materiais voláteis e de cinzas, indicando o seu potencial para o uso como fonte de energia. Palavras-chave: Bioenergia; Carbonização; Eucalipto AbstractThe objective of this research work was to evaluate the characteristics of biomass and charcoal of Bambusa tuldoides, Bambusa vulgaris var. vittata and Dendrocalamus asper in order to investigate its potential for energy use. For comparative purposes, we used trees of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrids trees with 6 years were employed. The biomass was characterized (specific gravity, proximate analysis, high heating value and energy density). The charcoal was produced with a heating rate of 1,67 ºC.minand final temperature of 450°C for later characterization (specific gravity, proximate analysis, high heating value, energy density and gravimetric yield). The bamboo species showed similar or superior energy characteristics in relation to the eucalyptus hybrid, except for the volatiles and ash content. The bamboo species has energy properties that indicate their potential for use as energy source.

Characterization of bamboo species and other biomasses with potential for thermal energy generation>

“…Santos et al (2016) reported a basic density value of 0.604 g cm -3 for D. asper, in accordance with our results. However, the density of B. vulgaris (0.462 g cm -3 ) and B. tuldoides (0.421 g cm -3 ) observed here differ from those reported by Santos et al (2016).…”

“…According to Brito et al (1987), the basic density of the tissues of bamboo species of the Guadua genus may reach 0.45-0.65 g cm -³, with Guadua angustifolia having a density of 0.629 g cm -³. Santos et al (2016) reported a basic density value of 0.604 g cm -3 for D. asper, in accordance with our results. However, the density of B. vulgaris (0.462 g cm -3 ) and B. tuldoides (0.421 g cm -3 ) observed here differ from those reported by Santos et al (2016).…”

“…The higher heating values of eucalyptus chips (4,586 kcal kg -1 ) and tissues of G. angustifolia (4,568 kcal kg -1 ), B. tuldoides (4,544 kcal kg -1 ) and D. giganteus (4,499 kcal kg -1 ) did not differ significantly from one another, but were significantly higher than those of B. vulgaris (4,359 kcal kg -1 ), coconut fiber (4,358 kcal kg -1 ) and rice husk (3,930 kcal kg -1 ). The higher heating values of D. giganteus, G. angustifolia and B. tuldoides reported here are very similar to those reported by Santos et al (2016) for D. asper (4,526 kcal kg -1 ) and B. tuldoides (4,544 kcal kg -1 ). However, Santos et al (2016) found a value (4,662 kcal kg -1 ) different from the one observed in the present study (4,359 kcal kg -1 ) for B. vulgaris.…”

“…The higher heating values of D. giganteus, G. angustifolia and B. tuldoides reported here are very similar to those reported by Santos et al (2016) for D. asper (4,526 kcal kg -1 ) and B. tuldoides (4,544 kcal kg -1 ). However, Santos et al (2016) found a value (4,662 kcal kg -1 ) different from the one observed in the present study (4,359 kcal kg -1 ) for B. vulgaris. Moreover, the energy density values of the four bamboo species were superior to the eucalyptus chips, the main raw material used in the thermal energy generation process.…”

“…Currently, wood and sugar cane are the primary sources of biomass-derived energy in Brazil. Additionally, there is a wide range of degraded areas in the country that are not suitable for the cultivation of normal crops, but are suited to the large-scale planting and cultivation of several bamboo varieties of high commercial value commonly used for biomass production (Santos et al 2016).…”