Potency and risk assessment of a skin‐sensitizing disperse dye using the local lymph node assay

Abstract

Disperse Blue 106 is an acknowledged skin-sensitization hazard. However, information about the relative sensitization potency of this chemical is lacking, and to provide this information was the purpose of the investigations described here. The approach taken was to measure dose-response relationships for C.I. Disperse Blue in the local lymph node assay, a method for the assessment of skin-sensitization potential in which activity is measured as a function of lymphocyte proliferative responses induced in draining lymph nodes. From these data, it was possible to derive EC3 values (such being the estimated concentration of chemical required to elicit a 3-fold increase in proliferation) that have been shown previously to reflect the relative sensitizing potency of contact allergens. These analyses revealed that Disperse Blue 106 had a relatively low EC3 value (0.01%), comparable to that measured concurrently for 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, a potent contact allergen. Collectively, these data reveal that Disperse Blue 106 represents a significant skin-sensitization hazard, and, in combination with information on dye migration and percutaneous penetration from various types of fabric and use conditions provide a basis for the development of effective and accurate risk assessments.

Patch Testing To a Textile Dye Mix by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group

“…It is important to find these patients, especially as D Blue 106 and D Blue 124 are regarded as strong sensitizers. 10,23 Forty-two of 49 (85.7%) DO3-positive patients were also reacting positively at patch testing to PPD. Conversely, 42 of 90 (46.7%) PPD-allergic patient were also allergic to DO3.…”

“…The D Blue 106 and D Blue 124 were both included in the mix at a concentration of 0.3% w/w because of their strong allergenic potential. 10 The mix and the separate dye preparations, used for the patch testing at the participating clinics, were prepared from the same batches at the department in Malmö.…”

Patch Testing with a Textile Dye Mix in Two Concentrations – A Multicentre Study by the Swedish Contact Dermatitis Research Group

“…TDM-positive patients reacting to D Blue 106 and D Blue 124 more seldom reacted to PPD compared to the patients reacting to the remaining DDs in the mix. It is very important to find patients allergic to D Blue 106 and D Blue 124 as these dyes are regarded as strong sensitisers often giving strong allergic reactions (22,23).…”

Analysis ofin vivopenetration of textile dyes causing allergic reactions

“…A prerequisite for contact allergy to textile dye is sensitization. Therefore, it is necessary that the dye is released from the textile and penetrates through the skin barrier reaching the Langerhans cells [2][3][4][5]. As garments are usually worn for several hours and come into contact with sweat, which may lead to dissolution of the dye, an intensive contact between the textiles and the skin is provided.…”