Potent anti‐inflammatory Terminalia chebula fruit showed in vitro anticancer activity on lung and breast carcinoma cells through the regulation of Bax/Bcl‐2 and caspase‐cascade pathways

Abstract

Cancer is an increasing health burden on both developed and developing countries. Among 200 types of cancers, lung cancer is the leading cause of death among men, and breast cancer is among women worldwide. According to the WHO report, lung cancer possesses the highest crude incidences (35.5%) and mortality (30.8%) rate among the men worldwide. On the contrary, breast cancer maintains the highest crude incidences (55.2%) and mortality rate (16.6%) among the female worldwide (WHO, 2020).

Exploring Anticancer Properties of Medicinal Plants against Breast Cancer by Downregulating Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2

“…List of Plants Used in This StudyTerminalia chebula extract showed cytotoxicity, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and activation of caspase cascade in A549 lung cancer and MCF-7 breast cancer cells 18. Mucuna pruriens reduced the tumor volume and viable cell counts and increased the life span in an EAC mouse model 94.…”

“…A group of researchers reported the anticancer activity of T. chebula fruit extract in lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which causes cells to undergo apoptosis. 18 In a separate study, chebulic acid, isolated from T. chebula fruit, triggered caspase activation and caused altered mitochondrial membrane permeability in myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60 and NB4). Furthermore, chebulic acid was observed to induce apoptosis in the tested cells via ERK activation.…”

“…A group of researchers reported the anticancer activity of T. chebula fruit extract in lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which causes cells to undergo apoptosis . In a separate study, chebulic acid, isolated from T.…”

Current Medical Applications of Terminalia Chebula: An Overview

“…chebula plant possesses gallic acid which is one of the main endogenous phenolic acids with anti-inflammatory properties (Hsu et al, 2007;Muhammad, 2012a). This plant showed anti-inflammatory properties by regulating nitrite and TNF-α production, iNOS, COX-2 levels, and translocation of NF-κB protein on RAW 264.7 cells (Shendge et al, 2020). Additionally, the positive effect of the chloroform extract of T. chebula in NO secretion reduction has been reported.…”

A comprehensive review on the diverse pharmacological perspectives of Terminalia chebula Retz

“…In the human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line, it settled down apoptotic activity in both extrinsic (death receptor) and intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathways as well as activates p53, thus enhancing upregulation of Bax and Bcl-2 ratio, activation of caspases leading to the cytotoxic activity in these cell lines. These polar extracts of T. chebula, which upon study on murine macrophage (RAW 264.7), was able to inhibit the production of NO, TNF- α, COX-2, and translocation of Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thus arresting inflammatory pathways that are related to the generation of various cancers [ 83 ].…”