Potent antibacterial, antioxidant and toxic activities of extracts from Passiflora suberosa L. leaves

Abstract

Passiflora suberosa L. belonging to the family Passifloraceae is an important medicinal plant used in traditional medicinal system in Sri Lanka to treat diabetes, hypertension and skin diseases. We extracted P. suberosa leaves under reflux conditions using different solvents (hexane, chloroform, methanol and water), then subjected to phytochemical screening. Alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins and saponins and anthraquinones were present in hexane and chloroform extracts. Alkaloids, unsaturated sterols, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids and tannins were observed in both methanol and aqueous extracts. Proanthocyanidins were observed only in the aqueous extract. Hence, aqueous and methanol extracts with most classes of phytochemicals present were subjected to antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihaemolytic activities and Brine shrimp lethality studies. Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibition concentrations were evaluated using three Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudumonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimuriam and Escherichia coli). The results indicated that only the methanol extract of P. suberosa exhibited antibacterial activities against all the strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial with stronger activity against Gram-negative bacteria. DPHH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy) scavenging assay was adopted to evaluate antioxidant properties while antihaemolytic and toxic activities were studied respectively using cow blood and Brine shrimp lethality assay. The IC50 values of the aqueous extract in both antioxidant and antihaemolytic assays were significantly lower than the standard ascorbic acid. Similar results were observed in the Brine shrimp lethality assay. In conclusion both aqueous and methanol extracts of P. suberosa leaves showed the presence of majority of phytochemicals including proanthocyanidins. Antibacterial activity was obtained only for methanol extract with better activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The aqueous extract showed better antioxidant, antihaemolytic and toxic activities than the methanol extract and their respective standards. Further investigations on the chemical composition and possible isolation of active ingredients is warranted.

A Single‐Center Experience on Outcomes of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Patients With Cirrhosis

“…The liver, renal, and cerebral toxicity of Devil's weed and the cytotoxicity of bitter oleander, guava, and passion fruit leaf extracts consumed by patients in our study are well described . It was interesting to note that the liver biopsies of those consuming Malabar nut tree (or vasaka) extracts demonstrated autoimmune hepatitis‐like histologic features, probably because of the presence of quinazoline alkaloids, phytosteroids, chalcones, triterpenoids, and flavonoids with possible immunomodulatory properties .…”

“…(16,17) The liver, renal, and cerebral toxicity of Devil's weed and the cytotoxicity of bitter oleander, guava, and passion fruit leaf extracts consumed by patients in our study are well described. (18)(19)(20)(21) It was interesting to note that the liver biopsies of those consuming Malabar nut tree (or vasaka) extracts demonstrated autoimmune hepatitis-like histologic features, probably because of the presence of quinazoline alkaloids, phytosteroids, chalcones, triterpenoids, and flavonoids with possible immunomodulatory properties. (22) Hillman et al (23) showed that CAMinduced DILI is at least as severe in presentation as prescription medicine-related DILI, with higher rates of transplantation and lower transplant-free survival (17%) in those who progress to acute liver failure.…”

Preliminary study to identify anti-sickle cell plants in Nigers traditional pharmacopoeia and their phytochemicals

“…Furthermore, compound with potent antioxidant efficacy and thus capable of preventing generation of free radicals (Mpiana et al, 2013) could be used as an antisickling drug. Bandara et al (2018) revealed the presence of anthocyanin in the aqueous extract of Passiflora suberosa with potent antihaemolytic activity. Thus, antihaemolytic activity was found to be an important feature of antisickling agents.…”

Therapeutic Efficacy of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Flowers to Inhibit Proliferation of Acute and Chronic Primary Human Leukemia Cells, with Adipocyte Differentiation and in Silico Analysis of Interactions between Survivin Protein and Selected Secondary Metabolites

“…Organic plant-based remedies are popular among Ayurveda and other modes of traditional medicine, as they are free of the harmful biproducts of conventional medicine [15]. At present, the focus on plants with a high polyphenolic content has increased due to their documented chemoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity potential [16], as well as the selective cell-killing ability [17] of such plants.…”