Potent solvents for C60 and their utility for the rapid acquisition of 13C NMR data for fullerenes

Abstract

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE om Iv 07408 '' c "of nfc,.t o-fti"u-lca tc 6.0c.ge I,, aý pronie A0d. n ttec trceto Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government. This document has been approved for public release and sale; its distribution is unlimited.1 ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)Described are several solvents for the dissolution of fullerenes. The two best solvents found were 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 1-methylnaphthalene which dissolve C60 up to 24.6 and 33.2 mg mL-1, respectively. The solubility data was obtained gravimetrically. Precipitates were 0 -obtained when C6iO was treated with 1 ,3,5-trimethylbenzene or I ,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Scanning ____ electron micrographs and thermogravimetric analysis data were obtained on the precipitates and compared to the data obtained for pure C60. The efficacy of l,2-dichlorobenzene and 1-___ methylnaphthalene as 13 C NMR solvents for fullerene analysis was demonstrated as well as the ____ utility of 1 ,2-dichlorobenzene for the extraction of higher fullerenes from soot. 0) WI; SUBJECT TERMS NUMBER OF PAGES"ýN' Described are several solvents for the dissolution of fullerenes and the efficacy of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 1-methylnaphthalene for obtaining fullerene 13C NMR spectra.

Synthesis of C60 nanotubes by liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation method: Influence of solvent ratio, growth temperature, and light illumination

“…This occurrence may be attributed to extraordinary low solubility of C 60 fullerenes in polar solvents such as alcohols which promotes interaction between the C 60 molecules resulting to the formation of cluster or aggregates [29]. At room temperature, C 60 has a solubility of 0.0041 mg/ml [30] in IPA as opposed to 0.30 mg/ml in pyridine [31]. Consequently, the formation of clusters favorable in IPAenriched solutions may initiate nucleation and thus contribute to the rapid and increased crystallization of the C 60 NTs.…”

Solution-processed photocells based on low energy-gap polymer and unmodified C70 composites from halogen-free solvent exceeding 5% power conversion efficiency

“…This requirement initiated the exploration of non-halogenated solvents suitable for organic bulk heterojunction photocells [8][9][10]. Among such solvents proposed so far, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (TMB) seems to be particularly interesting, because unmodified C 60 and C 70 are highly soluble in it, enabling the preparation of solution-processed organic bulk heterojunction photocells with unmodified fullerene [11][12][13]. The researchers have mainly focused on the development of solution-processed photocells using fullerene derivatives such as [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (C 60 -PCBM) or [6,6]-phenyl-C 71 -butyric acid methyl ester (C 70 -PCBM) so far [1][2][3][4][5][6] partly because suitable co-solvents for unmodified fullerenes and conjugated polymers have been rarely known.…”

Discrete Fulleride Anions and Fullerenium Cations

“…Alternatively, careful stoichiometric control of strong reducing agents can be employed, particularly if the solubility characteristics of reactants and products are manipulated to synthetic advantage. This is possible because solvents that dissolve fullerenes [101][102][103] frequently do not dissolve fullerides. In fact, low solubility can be a problem in fullerene synthetic chemistry regardless of oxidation state.…”