Potential Adverse Effects of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Dogs and Cats

Lenox, Catherine E.; Bauer, John E.

doi:10.1111/jvim.12033

Cited by 72 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…31 Given that V3FA are being ingested as part of our food and have been assessed in various trials, potential side effects will not hamper their clinical use. 47 Indeed, prolonged application such as needed for ''defattening'' may exert additional benefits, including the mitigation of the MS, cardiovascular disease, or other comorbidities associated with NAFLD. 31 More research is needed to identify which of the V3FA lipids and at what dosages may induce specific benefits in a given setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Protect Fatty and Lean Mouse Livers After Major Hepatectomy

et al. 2017

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of V3 fatty acids (V3FA) on fatty and lean liver in hepatic surgery. Background: The global spread of energy-dense diets has led to an endemic rise in fatty liver disease and obesity. Besides metabolic pathologies, steatosis enhances hepatic sensitivity to ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and impedes liver regeneration (LR). Steatosis limits the application of liver surgery, still the main curative option for liver cancer. V3FA are known to reverse steatosis, but how these lipids affect key factors defining surgical outcomes-that is, I/R, LR, and liver malignancy-is less clear. Methods: We established a standardized mouse model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced steatosis followed by V3FA treatment and the subsequent assessment of V3FA effects on I/R, LR, and liver malignancy (n ¼ 5/group), the latter through a syngeneic metastasis approach. Fatty liver outcomes were compared with lean liver to assess steatosis-independent effects. Nonparametric statistics were applied. Results: V3FA reversed HFD-induced steatosis and markedly protected against I/R, improved LR, and prolonged survival of tumor-laden mice. Remarkably, these beneficial effects were also observed in lean liver, albeit at a smaller scale. Notably, mice with metastases in fatty versus lean livers were associated with improved survival. Conclusions: V3FA revealed multiple beneficial effects in fatty and lean livers in mice. The improvements in I/R injury, regenerative capacity, and oncological outcomes await confirmatory studies in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Protect Fatty and Lean Mouse Livers After Major Hepatectomy

et al. 2017

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“…Typically, the use of cod liver oil is not recommended because some of those preparations also contain high amounts of vitamins A and D. Furthermore, the products should not be contaminated with heavy metals (eg, mercury). [67] Eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA exert anti-inflammatory effects by altering eicosanoid synthesis and cytokine expression and reducing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-and interleukin 1, which play major roles in anorexia and cachexia. They also contribute to a decrease in the production of leukotriene B 4 and prostaglandin E 2 , which play important roles in inflammation and pain.…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Support of Dogs and Cats after Surgery or Illness

Corbee¹,

Kerkhoven²

2014

OJVM

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Nutritional support early during the postoperative period or after onset of illness decreases the mortality rate and shortens the duration of hospitalization of dogs and cats. The preferred feeding route is dependent on the condition of the patient. If there are no contraindications, every patient must receive nutritional support, at least consistent with the resting energy requirement (RER). Several nutrients may be beneficial during healing and recovery from illness or surgery, but further research is needed to empirically certify the effects of these nutrients in critically ill patients.

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“…Para evitar efeitos indesejáveis, a proporção dos AGI na dieta deve ser adequada de acordo com a espécie animal. Recentemente, efeitos adversos causados por suplementações inadequadas com AGI n-3 em cães e gatos, incluindo alterações gastrointestinais, na função plaquetária e no controle glicêmico, foram revisados (Lenox & Bauer, 2013).…”

Section: Propriedades Biológicas Dos Agiunclassified

Cellular and molecular biomarkers involved in immune-inflammatory response modulated by unsaturated fatty acids

Oliveira

Nunes-Pinheiro

2013

AVB

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RESUMO -A resposta imunológica é um processo complexo que envolve a interação e sinalização de diferentes tipos celulares e moleculares, conhecidos como biomarcadores, os quais atuam de modo coordenado para promover a defesa do organismo. Essa resposta inicia-se com a instalação do processo inflamatório, que culmina com eliminação de agentes microbianos e cicatrização do tecido afetado, podendo evoluir para uma resposta mais específica. Muitos mediadores produzidos durante essas reações, sobretudo aqueles de natureza lipídica e peptídica, podem ser originados da imunomodulação promovida por ácidos graxos insaturados fornecidos pela dieta ou sintetizados endogenamente. Ácidos graxos insaturados são constituintes das membranas celulares e reguladores da expressão gênica, atuando nas vias de sinalização, transdução de sinais e proliferação celular e gerando produtos que regulam os mecanismos da imunidade humoral e celular. Esses lipídios apresentam várias propriedades biológicas, incluindo importantes efeitos imunomoduladores sobre a inflamação e a cicatrização. Ácidos graxos insaturados regulam a ativação de diversas células envolvidas nesses processos, tais como macrófagos, neutrófilos, linfócitos, queratinócitos e células dendríticas, bem como a secreção de seus produtos, exercem efeitos sobre enzimas e fatores de transcrição gênica, estimulando ou inibindo a produção de eicosanóides, como as prostaglandinas e leucotrienos, citocinas, moléculas de adesão, fatores de crescimento e outras moléculas específicas envolvidas nas diferentes fases do reparo tecidual, além de modular o estresse oxidativo. Neste contexto, esse artigo tem como objetivo revisar o papel dos principais biomarcadores celulares e moleculares envolvidos na resposta imune-inflamatória modulada por ácidos graxos insaturados.Palavras-Chave: Ômega-3, ômega-6, ômega-9, inflamação, cicatrização, imunomodulação.ABSTRACT -Immune response is a complex process that involves interaction and signaling of different cell and molecular types, known as biomarkers, which are organized to promote the defense of organism. This response begins with installation of the inflammatory process and culminates with elimination of the microbial agents, damage tissue and repair. The inflammatory response can progress to a more specific process. Many mediators are produced during inflammation, especially lipid and peptide mediators. These substances can be generated from immunomodulation promoted by unsaturated fatty acids provided by dietary or endogenously synthesized. Unsaturated fatty acids are constituents of cell membranes and regulators of gene expression and act on signaling pathways, signal transduction and cell proliferation, generating products that regulate the mechanisms of humoral and cellular immunity. These lipids have multiple biological properties, including important immunomodulatory effects on inflammation and wound healing. Unsaturated fatty acids regulate the activation of various cells involved in these processes, such as macrophages, neutrophils, lymp...

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Potential Adverse Effects of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Dogs and Cats

Cited by 72 publications

References 85 publications

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Protect Fatty and Lean Mouse Livers After Major Hepatectomy

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Protect Fatty and Lean Mouse Livers After Major Hepatectomy

Nutritional Support of Dogs and Cats after Surgery or Illness

Cellular and molecular biomarkers involved in immune-inflammatory response modulated by unsaturated fatty acids

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