Potential alternative treatments and routes of administrations: nerve agents poisoning

Rawas‐Qalaji, Mutasem; Thu, Hnin Ei; Hussain, Zahid

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90553-4.00001-9

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This antidote reactivates the cholinesterase enzyme, effectively counteracting the toxic effects in patients exposed to poisons that inhibit acetylcholinesterase by covalent binding to the serine residue [3,4]. The strategic application of emergency antidotes combined with fundamental medical interventions, including ensuring airway patency, providing oxygen, and implementing artificial respiration, can significantly enhance survival [5,6]. These treatments address both muscarinic and nicotinic symptoms, including paralysis of the muscles and diaphragm, involuntary contractions, heart muscle spasms, and central nervous system disturbances such as coma and seizures [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling Novel Chaotropic Chromatography Method for Determination of Pralidoxime in Nerve Agent Antidote Autoinjectors

Shin,

Kim,

Lee

et al. 2024

Separations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pralidoxime chloride, a highly hydrophilic antidote, cannot be effectively separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), unless the mobile-phase composition is varied. However, the use of ion-pairing reagents for pralidoxime separation is hindered by the persistent contamination of the stationary phase or chromatography system inside the HPLC system. Thus, this study aimed to develop a simple, rapid, and robust method based on RP-HPLC to determine pralidoxime chloride in antidote autoinjectors using a chaotropic salt as the mobile-phase additive. The use of UV detection at 270 nm allowed for the simultaneous detection of pralidoxime chloride and the internal standard, pyridine-2-aldoxime. The addition of chaotropic salts (NaPF6, NaBF4, and NaClO4) and an ionic liquid ([EMIM]PF6) increased the retention time of pralidoxime chloride. Among them, NaPF6 exhibited the highest capacity factor in the reverse-phase C18 column. Increasing the salt concentration increased the capacity factor and the number of theoretical plates. Analytical method validation was performed to assess the linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and repeatability, according to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety guidelines. Additionally, this newly developed method exhibits an adequate separation capability, making it a potential substitute for the current method employed in the United States/Korean Pharmacopoeia, and it ensures the necessary durability to maintain the robustness and reliability of the analytical system.

show abstract