“…It has been driven by the increasing Muslim population, rapid digitalization, and high demand for Halal products and services (Gul et al, 2022). The Halal industry encompasses a wide range of sectors, including halal food (Usman et al, 2023), Islamic finance, Muslim-friendly tourism (Saffinee, 2021(Saffinee, , 2022Saffinee et al, 2021Saffinee et al, , 2022, and more. It offers numerous opportunities for businesses to capitalize on this growing market.…”